Test 7 · ★★ · Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side

★★ «Amir's book says a whale's heart weighs as much as two or three men, that's hyperbole innit» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★, heart, that, hyperbole innit · What happens: say, weigh, be · To what, where: much, hyperbole innit · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 52 «Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 says	nsubj
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 says	punct
4	Amir	Amir	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 book	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 Amir	case
6	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 says	nsubj
7	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 whale	det
9	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 heart	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 whale	case
11	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 weighs	nsubj
12	weighs	weigh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 says	ccomp
13	as	as	ADV	_	14 much	advmod
14	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 weighs	obj
15	as	as	ADP	_	19 men	case
16	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	19 men	nummod
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 three	cc
18	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 two	conj
19	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 much	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 innit	punct
21	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	24 innit	nsubj
22	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 innit	cop
23	hyperbole	hyperbole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 innit	amod
24	innit	innit	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 says	ccomp
25	»	»	PUNCT	_	24 innit	punct
26	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	28 right	nsubj
27	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 right	cop
28	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 innit	acl:relcl
29	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	present	★			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	weigh in a quote	present	a whale's heart	much		vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme much=Value
3	is a in a quote	present	that	hyperbole innit		tree rules
4	is	present	hyperbole innit		right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

No, it's understatement: the real heart is much bigger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 understatement	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 understatement	nsubj
4	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 understatement	cop
5	understatement	understatement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 bigger	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 heart	det
8	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 heart	amod
9	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 bigger	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 bigger	cop
11	much	much	ADV	_	12 bigger	advmod
12	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 understatement	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	it	understatement					tree rules
2	is	present	the real heart					big property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

No, it's a real measured fact in a science book

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	8 fact	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 fact	nsubj
4	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 fact	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 fact	det
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fact	amod
7	measured	measure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 fact	amod
8	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 book	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 book	det
11	science	science	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 book	compound
12	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 fact	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	measure	participle							vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
2	is a	present	it	a real measured fact		a science book			tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, no heart can weigh more than a kilo

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 weigh	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 weigh	punct
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 heart	det
4	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 weigh	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 weigh	aux
6	weigh	weigh	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 weigh	obj
8	than	than	ADP	_	10 kilo	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 kilo	det
10	kilo	kilo	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 more	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	weigh	can	no heart	more					vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value

Option 4

Yes, books exaggerate to sell, like adverts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 exaggerate	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 exaggerate	nsubj
4	exaggerate	exaggerate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 sell	mark
6	sell	sell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 exaggerate	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 adverts	punct
8	like	like	ADP	_	9 adverts	case
9	adverts	advert	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 exaggerate	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exaggerate	present	books					like adverts	tree rules
2	sell	to-infinitive	books not said here						vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/t7/