Exam question 1 · Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises an irregular verb?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: irregular verb

This is exam question 1 of lesson 9 «Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 verb	det
10	irregular	irregular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 verb	amod
11	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a irregular verb				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A verb lacking any past form

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 verb	det
2	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	lacking	lack	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 verb	acl
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 form	det
5	past	past	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 form	amod
6	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lacking	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lack	gerund	a verb not said here	any past form					tree rules

Option 2

A verb confined to interrogative sentences

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 verb	det
2	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 verb	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 sentences	case
5	interrogative	interrogative	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sentences	compound
6	sentences	sentence	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 confined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	participle		a verb not said here		interrogative sentences			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to sentence=Destination

Option 3

A verb employed only in formal registers and official writing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 verb	det
2	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 verb	acl
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 registers	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 registers	case
6	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 registers	amod
7	registers	register	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 employed	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 writing	cc
9	official	official	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 writing	amod
10	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 registers	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	participle		a verb not said here		formal registers and official writing			vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A verb whose past forms are not made by adding "-ed"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 verb	det
2	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 made	nsubj:pass
3	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	5 forms	nmod:poss
4	past	past	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 forms	amod
5	forms	form	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 made	nsubj:pass
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 made	aux:pass
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 made	advmod
8	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	by	by	SCONJ	_	10 adding	mark
10	adding	add	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 made	advcl
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 ed	punct
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 ed	punct
13	ed	ed	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 adding	obj
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 ed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not make	present · passive		a verb					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	add speech: assert	gerund		ed					vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ed=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/e1/