Exam question 2 · Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes

Identify the principal reason for which a young child may produce the form "goed".

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, young child · What happens: identify, produce · To what, where: principal reason, form

This is exam question 2 of lesson 9 «Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 produce	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 child	det
8	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 child	amod
9	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 produce	nsubj
10	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 produce	aux
11	produce	produce	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	acl:relcl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 form	det
13	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 produce	obj
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 goed	punct
15	goed	goed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 form	amod
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 goed	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	produce	may	a young child	the form				for the principal reason	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent form=Result for which=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The form "goed" is standard in contemporary English

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 form	det
2	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 standard	nsubj
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 goed	punct
4	goed	goed	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 form	appos
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 goed	punct
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 standard	cop
7	standard	standard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 English	case
9	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 English	amod
10	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 standard	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the form			contemporary English		standard property	tree rules

Option 2

The child has copied the form from adult speech

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 child	det
2	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 copied	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 copied	aux
4	copied	copy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 form	det
6	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 copied	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 speech	case
8	adult	adult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 speech	amod
9	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 copied	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	present · perfect · passive		the child		adult speech			tree rules

Option 3

The child is incapable of acquiring language

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 child	det
2	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 incapable	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 incapable	cop
4	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 acquiring	mark
6	acquiring	acquire	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 incapable	advcl
7	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 acquiring	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the child					incapable property	tree rules
2	acquire	gerund	the child not said here	language					vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset language=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The child has inferred the general rule and applied it to an exception

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 child	det
2	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 inferred	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 inferred	aux
4	inferred	infer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 rule	det
6	general	general	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 rule	amod
7	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 inferred	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 applied	cc
9	applied	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 inferred	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 applied	obj
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 exception	case
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 exception	det
13	exception	exception	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 applied	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	infer	present · perfect · passive		the child					vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme rule=Eventuality
2	apply	past		rule				to a exception	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/e2/