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Test 8 · ★★ · Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes

Your cousin thinks irregular verbs never change. What fact proves her wrong?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: cousin, irregular verbs, fact · What happens: think, not change, prove · To what, where: wrong · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 9 «Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your cousin thinks irregular verbs never change.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 thinks	nsubj
3	thinks	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	irregular	irregular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 verbs	amod
5	verbs	verb	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 change	nsubj
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 change	advmod
7	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 thinks	ccomp
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 thinks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	present	Your cousin						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not change	present	irregular verbs						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What fact proves her wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 proves	obj
2	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 proves	nsubj
3	proves	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 wrong	nmod:poss
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 proves	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 proves	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present	fact	fact's wrong					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent what=Theme wrong=Attribute

The options

Option 1

Irregular verbs are fixed by law and can never be changed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Irregular	irregular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 verbs	amod
2	verbs	verb	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fixed	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fixed	aux:pass
4	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 law	case
6	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fixed	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 changed	cc
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 changed	aux
9	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	11 changed	advmod
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 changed	aux:pass
11	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 fixed	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix	present · passive	law	Irregular verbs					vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	not change	can · passive	law not said here						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»

Option 2

No irregular verb has ever changed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	3 verb	det
2	irregular	irregular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 verb	amod
3	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 changed	nsubj:pass
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 changed	aux
5	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	6 changed	advmod
6	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present · perfect · passive		no irregular verb			ever		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3

All irregular verbs are new

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 verbs	det
2	irregular	irregular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 verbs	amod
3	verbs	verb	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 new	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 new	cop
5	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	all irregular verbs					new property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Many irregular verbs became regular over time, like reach

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 verbs	amod
2	irregular	irregular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 verbs	amod
3	verbs	verb	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 became	nsubj
4	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	regular	regular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 became	xcomp
6	over	over	ADP	_	7 time	case
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 became	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 reach	punct
9	like	like	ADP	_	10 reach	case
10	reach	reach	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 became	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	Many irregular verbs				time	like reach; regular property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/t8/