Exam question 4 · Ice on ponds and cold water in winter

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the loss of heat in water.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, loss

This is exam question 4 of lesson 74 «Ice on ponds and cold water in winter» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 loss	det
11	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 heat	case
13	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 loss	nmod
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 water	case
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 heat	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the loss of heat in water		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus loss=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Water removes heat more slowly than air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 removes	nsubj
2	removes	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 removes	obj
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 slowly	advmod
5	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	2 removes	advmod
6	than	than	ADP	_	7 air	case
7	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 removes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	present	Water	heat				than air; slowly property	vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme

Option 2

Water adds heat to the body in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 adds	nsubj
2	adds	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 adds	obj
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 body	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 body	det
6	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 adds	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 winter	case
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 adds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	present	Water	heat			winter	to the body	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent heat=Patient to body=Co-Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Water removes heat approximately twenty-five times faster than air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 removes	nsubj
2	removes	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 removes	obj
4	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	7 five	advmod
5	twenty	twenty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 five	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 twenty	punct
7	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 times	nummod
8	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 faster	obl:unmarked
9	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 removes	advmod
10	than	than	ADP	_	11 air	case
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 faster	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	present	Water	heat					vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme

Option 4

Water and air remove heat at an identical rate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 remove	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 air	cc
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Water	conj
4	remove	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 remove	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	9 rate	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 rate	det
8	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 rate	amod
9	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 remove	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	present	Water and air	heat		a identical rate			vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/74-ice-on-ponds-and-cold-water-in-winter/e4/