Test 3 · ★ · Gambling and honesty with change Josh's mum sighs, "Mug's game," after her scratchcard wins £0. ("Mug's game" means a thing only a fool expects to win at.) Why does she say that?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mum, scratchcard, game, fool, thing · What happens: sigh, win, mean, expect, say · To what, where: thing, that · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 40 «Gambling and honesty with change» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Josh's mum sighs, "Mug's game," after her scratchcard wins £0.
nmod:poss case nsubj punct punct nmod:poss case ccomp punct punct mark nmod:poss nsubj advcl obj nummod punct root Josh PROPN 's PART mum NOUN sighs VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT Mug PROPN 's PART game NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT after SCONJ her PRON scratchcard NOUN wins VERB £ SYM 0 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Josh Josh PROPN Number=Sing 3 mum nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Josh case 3 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 4 sighs nsubj 4 sighs sigh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 game punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 9 game punct 7 Mug Mug PROPN Number=Sing 9 game nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 Mug case 9 game game NOUN Number=Sing 4 sighs ccomp 10 , , PUNCT _ 9 game punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 9 game punct 12 after after SCONJ _ 15 wins mark 13 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 scratchcard nmod:poss 14 scratchcard scratchcard NOUN Number=Sing 15 wins nsubj 15 wins win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 sighs advcl 16 £ £ SYM _ 15 wins obj 17 0 0 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 16 £ nummod 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 sighs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sigh present Josh's mum vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 win present mum's scratchcard vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent £=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("Mug's game" means a thing only a fool expects to win at.)
punct punct nmod:poss case nsubj punct det obj advmod det nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp obl punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Mug PROPN 's PART game NOUN " PUNCT means VERB a DET thing NOUN only ADV a DET fool NOUN expects VERB to PART win VERB at ADP . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 7 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 5 game punct 3 Mug Mug PROPN Number=Sing 5 game nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 Mug case 5 game game NOUN Number=Sing 7 means nsubj 6 " " PUNCT _ 5 game punct 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 thing det 9 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 7 means obj 10 only only ADV _ 12 fool advmod 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 fool det 12 fool fool NOUN Number=Sing 13 expects nsubj 13 expects expect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 thing acl:relcl 14 to to PART _ 15 win mark 15 win win VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 expects xcomp 16 at at ADP _ 15 win obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct 18 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Mug's game a thing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic 2 expect present a fool a thing not said here tree rules 3 win not said to happen to-infinitive a thing not said here vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: Why does she say that?
advmod aux nsubj obj punct root Why ADV does AUX she PRON say VERB that PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 4 say advmod 2 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 say aux 3 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 say nsubj 4 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 say obj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present · do-support game that vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent that=Topic
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice Scratchcards are free to buy, so nothing at all is ever lost
nsubj cop mark xcomp punct advmod nsubj:pass case nmod aux:pass advmod parataxis root Scratchcards NOUN are AUX free ADJ to PART buy VERB , PUNCT so ADV nothing PRON at ADP all DET is AUX ever ADV lost VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scratchcards scratchcard NOUN Number=Plur 3 free nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 free cop 3 free free ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 buy mark 5 buy buy VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 free xcomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 13 lost punct 7 so so ADV _ 13 lost advmod 8 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 13 lost nsubj:pass 9 at at ADP _ 10 all case 10 all all DET PronType=Tot 8 nothing nmod 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 lost aux:pass 12 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 13 lost advmod 13 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 free parataxis
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Scratchcards free property tree rules 2 buy to-infinitive Scratchcards not said here vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent 3 lose present · passive nothing ever vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
Option 2 Scratchcards always win if you scratch them slowly enough
nsubj advmod mark nsubj advcl obj advmod advmod root Scratchcards NOUN always ADV win VERB if SCONJ you PRON scratch VERB them PRON slowly ADV enough ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scratchcards scratchcard NOUN Number=Plur 3 win nsubj 2 always always ADV PronType=Tot 3 win advmod 3 win win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 if if SCONJ _ 6 scratch mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 scratch nsubj 6 scratch scratch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 win advcl 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 scratch obj 8 slowly slowly ADV _ 6 scratch advmod 9 enough enough ADV _ 6 scratch advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win present Scratchcards always property vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 scratch a condition, not said to happen present you Scratchcards = scratchcard enough, slowly property vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer The chance of a big win is tiny, so most people lose
det nsubj case det amod nmod cop punct advmod amod nsubj advcl root The DET chance NOUN of ADP a DET big ADJ win NOUN is AUX tiny ADJ , PUNCT so ADV most ADJ people NOUN lose VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 chance det 2 chance chance NOUN Number=Sing 8 tiny nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 6 win case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 win det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 6 win amod 6 win win NOUN Number=Sing 2 chance nmod 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 tiny cop 8 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 lose punct 10 so so ADV _ 13 lose advmod 11 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 12 people amod 12 people people NOUN Number=Plur 13 lose nsubj 13 lose lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 tiny advcl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the chance of a big win tiny property tree rules 2 lose present most people vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 chance a big win nom chance «state intransitive»: of=agent
Option 4 She thinks the scratchcards are actually made out of old mugs
nsubj det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod ccomp case case amod obl root She PRON thinks VERB the DET scratchcards NOUN are AUX actually ADV made VERB out ADP of ADP old ADJ mugs NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 thinks nsubj 2 thinks think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 scratchcards det 4 scratchcards scratchcard NOUN Number=Plur 7 made nsubj:pass 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 made aux:pass 6 actually actually ADV _ 7 made advmod 7 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 thinks ccomp 8 out out ADP _ 11 mugs case 9 of of ADP _ 11 mugs case 10 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 11 mugs amod 11 mugs mug NOUN Number=Plur 7 made obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other present She vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 make out present · passive the scratchcards old mugs actually property tree rules
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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