Test 8 · ★ · Gambling and honesty with change Josh's mate says, "Bet you a quid I can eat 10 marshmallows — no, 12!" Mum says, "No betting, boys, just have fun." Why might she say that?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, Mum · What happens: say, bet, eat, have · To what, where: you, 10 marshmallows, betting, fun, that · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 40 «Gambling and honesty with change» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Josh's mate says, "Bet you a quid I can eat 10 marshmallows — no, 12!"
nmod:poss case nsubj punct punct ccomp obj det obj nsubj aux acl:relcl nummod obj punct discourse punct parataxis punct punct root Josh PROPN 's PART mate NOUN says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT Bet VERB you PRON a DET quid NOUN I PRON can AUX eat VERB 10 NUM marshmallows NOUN — PUNCT no INTJ , PUNCT 12 NUM ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Josh Josh PROPN Number=Sing 3 mate nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Josh case 3 mate mate NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 Bet punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 7 Bet punct 7 Bet bet VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 says ccomp 8 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 Bet obj 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 quid det 10 quid quid NOUN Number=Sing 7 Bet obj 11 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 eat nsubj 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 eat aux 13 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 quid acl:relcl 14 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 15 marshmallows nummod 15 marshmallows marshmallow NOUN Number=Plur 13 eat obj 16 — - PUNCT _ 19 12 punct 17 no no INTJ Polarity=Neg 19 12 discourse 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 12 punct 19 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 says parataxis 20 ! ! PUNCT _ 19 12 punct 21 " " PUNCT _ 19 12 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: express present Josh's mate vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 bet in a quote infinitive you vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP NP.asset»: agent=Agent you=Recipient quid=Asset 3 eat in a quote can Josh's mate = mate 10 marshmallows vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marshmallow=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Mum says, "No betting, boys, just have fun."
nsubj punct punct det obj punct conj punct advmod ccomp obj punct punct root Mum NOUN says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT No DET betting NOUN , PUNCT boys NOUN , PUNCT just ADV have VERB fun NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 betting punct 4 " " PUNCT _ 6 betting punct 5 No no DET PronType=Neg 6 betting det 6 betting betting NOUN Number=Sing 2 says obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 boys punct 8 boys boy NOUN Number=Plur 6 betting conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 have punct 10 just just ADV _ 11 have advmod 11 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 says ccomp 12 fun fun NOUN Number=Sing 11 have obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 11 have punct 14 " " PUNCT _ 11 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Mum no betting and boys tree rules 2 have in a quote infinitive fun vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fun=Patient
Sentence 3: Why might she say that?
advmod aux nsubj obj punct root Why ADV might AUX she PRON say VERB that PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 4 say advmod 2 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 say aux 3 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 say nsubj 4 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 say obj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert might Mum that vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent that=Topic
The options Option 1 Mum wants to win the quid herself
nsubj mark xcomp det obj obl root Mum NOUN wants VERB to PART win VERB the DET quid NOUN herself PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 wants nsubj 2 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 win mark 4 win win VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 wants xcomp 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 quid det 6 quid quid NOUN Number=Sing 4 win obj 7 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 4 win obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present Mum vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 win not said to happen to-infinitive Mum not said here the quid Mum obl vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quid=Eventuality
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice Betting is the only way to make eating fun
nsubj cop det amod mark acl obj obj root Betting NOUN is AUX the DET only ADJ way NOUN to PART make VERB eating VERB fun NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Betting betting NOUN Number=Sing 5 way nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 way cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 way det 4 only only ADJ Degree=Pos 5 way amod 5 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 7 make mark 7 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 way acl 8 eating eat VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 make obj 9 fun fun NOUN Number=Sing 8 eating obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Betting the only way tree rules 2 make to-infinitive vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 eat gerund fun vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fun=Patient
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer Even small money bets can cause rows, so a no-betting rule is common
The tree, 14 words advmod amod compound nsubj aux obj punct advmod det det punct compound nsubj cop parataxis root Even ADV small ADJ money NOUN bets NOUN can AUX cause VERB rows NOUN , PUNCT so ADV a DET no DET - PUNCT betting NOUN rule NOUN is AUX common ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Even even ADV _ 4 bets advmod 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 4 bets amod 3 money money NOUN Number=Sing 4 bets compound 4 bets bet NOUN Number=Plur 6 cause nsubj 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 cause aux 6 cause cause VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 rows row NOUN Number=Plur 6 cause obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 16 common punct 9 so so ADV _ 16 common advmod 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 rule det 11 no no DET PronType=Neg 13 betting det 12 - - PUNCT _ 11 no punct 13 betting betting NOUN Number=Sing 14 rule compound 14 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 16 common nsubj 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 common cop 16 common common ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cause parataxis
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause can small money bets rows vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition row=Patient 2 is present a betting rule common property tree rules
Option 4 Marshmallows cost more than a quid
nsubj obj case det obl root Marshmallows NOUN cost VERB more ADJ than ADP a DET quid NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Marshmallows marshmallow NOUN Number=Plur 2 cost nsubj 2 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 cost obj 4 than than ADP _ 6 quid case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 quid det 6 quid quid NOUN Number=Sing 3 more obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present Marshmallows more vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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