Exam question 3 · Friends who cling to a legend

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the capacity of bats in respect of vision?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, respect · To what, where: capacity, respect, vision

This is exam question 3 of lesson 31 «Friends who cling to a legend» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 capacity	det
10	capacity	capacity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 bats	case
12	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 capacity	nmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 respect	case
14	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 vision	case
16	vision	vision	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 respect	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the capacity of bats	respect of vision	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	respect		vision			nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Bats are able to see only in total darkness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 able	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 able	cop
3	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 see	mark
5	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 able	xcomp
6	only	only	ADV	_	9 darkness	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 darkness	case
8	total	total	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 darkness	amod
9	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 see	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Bats					able property	tree rules
2	see	to-infinitive	Bats not said here	total darkness					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer darkness=Stimulus

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Bats possess sight, frequently supplemented by echolocation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	nsubj
2	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 possess	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 supplemented	punct
5	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	6 supplemented	advmod
6	supplemented	supplement	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 possess	conj
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 echolocation	case
8	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 supplemented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	Bats	sight					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sight=Theme
2	supplement	participle	Bats not said here					by echolocation; frequently property	tree rules

Option 3

Bats are entirely devoid of sight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 devoid	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 devoid	cop
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	4 devoid	advmod
4	devoid	devoid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 sight	case
6	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 devoid	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Bats					of sight; devoid, entirely property	tree rules

Option 4

Bats perceive solely by smell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 perceive	nsubj
2	perceive	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	solely	solely	ADV	_	2 perceive	advmod
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 smell	case
5	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 perceive	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perceive	present	Bats					by smell; solely property	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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