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Test 6 · ★ · Colds, coughs and the weather

A cartoon shows a boy with a bare head on a ski slope, but wrapped up everywhere else, losing loads of heat from his head. What makes that true in the cartoon?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cartoon · What happens: show, wrap up, lose, make · To what, where: boy, loads, head

This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 4 «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon shows a boy with a bare head on a ski slope, but wrapped up everywhere else, losing loads of heat from his head.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 boy	det
5	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
6	with	with	ADP	_	9 head	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 head	det
8	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 head	amod
9	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obl
10	on	on	ADP	_	13 slope	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 slope	det
12	ski	ski	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 slope	compound
13	slope	slope	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 head	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 wrapped	punct
15	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 wrapped	cc
16	wrapped	wrap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 shows	conj
17	up	up	ADP	_	16 wrapped	compound:prt
18	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	PronType=Tot	16 wrapped	advmod
19	else	else	ADV	_	18 everywhere	advmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 losing	punct
21	losing	lose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 wrapped	advcl
22	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 losing	obj
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 heat	case
24	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 loads	nmod
25	from	from	ADP	_	27 head	case
26	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 head	nmod:poss
27	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 losing	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a cartoon		a boy			with a bare head on a ski slope	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent boy=Recipient
2	wrap up	participle	a cartoon not said here					everywhere property	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
3	lose	gerund	a cartoon not said here	loads of heat		cartoon's head			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent load=Theme from head=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What makes that true in the cartoon?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 true	nsubj
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 makes	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 cartoon	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cartoon	det
7	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 makes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present						true property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

His head is the only bare part, so heat escapes there

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 head	nmod:poss
2	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 part	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 part	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 part	det
5	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 part	amod
6	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 part	amod
7	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 escapes	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	11 escapes	advmod
10	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 escapes	nsubj
11	escapes	escape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 part	acl:relcl
12	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 escapes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	His head	the only bare part					tree rules
2	escape	present	heat	the only bare part not said here		there			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme part=Initial_Location

Option 2

Ski slopes are colder at head height

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ski	ski	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 slopes	compound
2	slopes	slope	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 colder	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 colder	cop
4	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 height	case
6	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 height	compound
7	height	height	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 colder	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Ski slopes			head height		cold property	tree rules

Option 3

Snow pulls heat out of hair faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pulls	nsubj
2	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pulls	obj
4	out	out	ADP	_	6 hair	case
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 hair	case
6	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pulls	obl
7	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 pulls	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present	Snow	heat		hair		fast property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent heat=Theme out hair=Initial_Location

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Heads always lose most of your heat, whatever else you wear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lose	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 lose	advmod
3	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 lose	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 heat	case
6	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 heat	nmod:poss
7	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 most	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 whatever	punct
9	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 lose	conj
10	else	else	ADV	_	9 whatever	advmod
11	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 wear	nsubj
12	wear	wear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 whatever	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	Heads	most of your heat				always property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality
2	wear	present	you						vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent
3	heat		your						nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/t6/