Test 9 · ★★ · Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums

How is breathing in like pulling back the plunger of a syringe?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: breathe in, pull back · To what, where: plunger

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 16 «Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	3 breathing	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 breathing	aux
3	breathing	breathe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	3 breathing	compound:prt
5	like	like	SCONJ	_	6 pulling	mark
6	pulling	pull	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 breathing	advcl
7	back	back	ADV	_	6 pulling	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 plunger	det
9	plunger	plunger	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pulling	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 syringe	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 syringe	det
12	syringe	syringe	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 plunger	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 breathing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe in	present · progressive							vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	pull back	gerund		the plunger of a syringe					vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plunger=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Neither depends on air pressure at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	ADV	_	2 depends	advmod
2	depends	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 pressure	case
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pressure	compound
5	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 depends	obl
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 all	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 depends	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	depend	present						at all; on air pressure; neither property	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on pressure=Theme

Option 2

Both use a fan to move air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 use	nsubj
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 fan	det
4	fan	fan	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 use	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 move	mark
6	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 use	advcl
7	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 move	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	Both	a fan					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fan=Patient
2	move	to-infinitive	Both not said here	air					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent air=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Both work by making more room so the outside air pushes in

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 work	nsubj
2	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	by	by	SCONJ	_	4 making	mark
4	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 work	advcl
5	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 room	amod
6	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 making	obj
7	so	so	SCONJ	_	11 pushes	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 air	det
9	outside	outside	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 air	amod
10	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 pushes	nsubj
11	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 making	advcl
12	in	in	ADV	_	11 pushes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	work	present	Both		vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	make	gerund	Both not said here	more room	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset room=Product
3	push in	present	the outside air		vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Both blow air out first so that they can pull more air back in

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 blow	nsubj
2	blow	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 blow	obj
4	out	out	ADP	_	2 blow	compound:prt
5	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	2 blow	advmod
6	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	10 pull	mark
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 so	fixed
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 pull	nsubj
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 pull	aux
10	pull	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 blow	advcl
11	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 air	amod
12	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pull	obj
13	back	back	ADV	_	10 pull	advmod
14	in	in	ADP	_	10 pull	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow out	present	Both	air				first property	vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent air=Patient
2	pull back	can	they	more air					vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/t9/