Test 10 · What sound is: wobbles in the air

Which shows that you must have something wobbling to make a sound?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: show, have, wobble, make · To what, where: something, sound · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 of lesson 17 «What sound is: wobbles in the air» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 have	mark
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 have	nsubj
5	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 have	aux
6	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 shows	ccomp
7	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 have	obj
8	wobbling	wobble	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 something	acl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 make	mark
10	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 wobbling	xcomp
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 sound	det
12	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 make	obj
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	show	present			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have	must	you	something	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient
3	wobble	gerund			tree rules
4	make	to-infinitive		a sound	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Light shines without making any sound

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shines	nsubj
2	shines	shine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	without	without	SCONJ	_	4 making	mark
4	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 shines	advcl
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 sound	det
6	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 making	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shine	present	Light						vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	make	gerund	Light not said here	any sound					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A drum stops sounding when you hold its skin still

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 drum	det
2	drum	drum	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stops	nsubj
3	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	sounding	sound	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 stops	xcomp
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	7 hold	advmod
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 hold	nsubj
7	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stops	advcl
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 skin	nmod:poss
9	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hold	obj
10	still	still	ADV	_	7 hold	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	stop	present	a drum			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	sound	gerund	a drum not said here			vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
3	hold	present	you	drum's skin	still	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

A cold room is always quieter than a warm one with the heating on

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 room	det
2	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 room	amod
3	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 quieter	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 quieter	cop
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 quieter	advmod
6	quieter	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	than	than	ADP	_	10 one	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 one	det
9	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 one	amod
10	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 quieter	obl
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 heating	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 heating	det
13	heating	heating	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 one	nmod
14	on	on	ADP	_	6 quieter	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a cold room					than a warm one with the heating; always, quiet property	tree rules

Option 4

Shadows make no noise at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shadows	shadow	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 noise	det
4	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 make	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Shadows	no noise		all			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/17-what-sound-is-wobbles-in-the-air/t10/