Exam question 4 · Heat moves: hot to cold

State the principle whereby a liquid-in-glass thermometer indicates temperature.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, liquid · What happens: state, indicate · To what, where: principle, temperature

This is exam question 4 of lesson 23 «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 principle	det
3	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	obj
4	whereby	whereby	ADV	PronType=Int	12 indicates	advmod
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 liquid	det
6	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 indicates	nsubj
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 thermometer	punct
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 thermometer	case
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 in	punct
10	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 thermometer	compound
11	thermometer	thermometer	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 liquid	conj
12	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 State	advcl
13	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 indicates	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here	the principle					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent principle=Topic
2	indicate	present	a liquid and glass thermometer	temperature				whereby property	vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot temperature=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The liquid alters its colour with temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 liquid	det
2	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 alters	nsubj
3	alters	alter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 colour	nmod:poss
5	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 alters	obj
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 temperature	case
7	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 alters	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	alter	present	the liquid	liquid's colour				with temperature	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent colour=Patient with temperature=Instrument

Option 2

The glass emits light in proportion to the heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 glass	det
2	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	nsubj
3	emits	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 proportion	case
6	proportion	proportion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 heat	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 heat	det
9	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present	the glass	light		proportion		to the heat	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The liquid expands upon warming and contracts upon cooling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 liquid	det
2	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 expands	nsubj
3	expands	expand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 warming	case
5	warming	warming	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 expands	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 contracts	cc
7	contracts	contract	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 warming	conj
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 cooling	case
9	cooling	cooling	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 expands	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	expand	present	the liquid					upon warming and contracts; upon cooling	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

The liquid evaporates at a fixed rate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 liquid	det
2	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 evaporates	nsubj
3	evaporates	evaporate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	7 rate	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 rate	det
6	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 rate	amod
7	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 evaporates	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	evaporate	present	the liquid			a fixed rate			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	fix	participle							vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold/e4/