Exam question 2 · Melting, freezing and boiling

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of a domestic refrigerator?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, operate · To what, where: operation, domestic refrigerator

This is exam question 2 of lesson 24 «Melting, freezing and boiling» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 operation	det
10	operation	operation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 refrigerator	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 refrigerator	det
13	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 refrigerator	amod
14	refrigerator	refrigerator	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 operation	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the operation of a domestic refrigerator	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	operate		a domestic refrigerator		nom operation «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It admits cold air from outside the dwelling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 admits	nsubj
2	admits	admit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 air	amod
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 admits	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	8 dwelling	case
6	outside	outside	ADP	_	8 dwelling	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 dwelling	det
8	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 admits	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	admit speech: other	present	It	cold air		the dwelling			vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It transfers heat from its interior and releases it at its rear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 transfers	nsubj
2	transfers	transfer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 transfers	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 interior	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 interior	nmod:poss
6	interior	interior	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 transfers	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 releases	cc
8	releases	release	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 transfers	conj
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 releases	obj
10	at	at	ADP	_	12 rear	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 rear	nmod:poss
12	rear	rear	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 releases	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transfer	present	It	heat		heat's interior			vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent heat=Theme from interior=Initial_Location
2	release	present		heat		heat's rear			vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer it=Source

Option 3

It generates cold from electrical energy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 generates	nsubj
2	generates	generate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 generates	xcomp
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 energy	case
5	electrical	electrical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 energy	amod
6	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 generates	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	generate	present	It					from electrical energy; cold property	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from energy=Patient

Option 4

It compresses foodstuffs in order to cool them more rapidly and evenly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 compresses	nsubj
2	compresses	compress	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	foodstuffs	foodstuff	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 compresses	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 order	case
5	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 compresses	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 cool	mark
7	cool	cool	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 compresses	advcl
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 cool	obj
9	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	10 rapidly	advmod
10	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	7 cool	advmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 evenly	cc
12	evenly	evenly	ADV	_	10 rapidly	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compress	present	It	foodstuffs		order			vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent foodstuff=Patient
2	cool	to-infinitive		foodstuffs = foodstuff				rapidly property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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