Test 10 · Day and night, and the Moon's faces

Why can the Sun and the Moon look the same size in the sky?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sun · What happens: look · To what, where: same size, sky

This is test 10 of lesson 39 «Day and night, and the Moon's faces» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 look	advmod
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 Sun	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Sun	det
4	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 look	nsubj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 Moon	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Moon	det
7	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Sun	conj
8	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 size	det
10	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 size	amod
11	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 look	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 sky	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 sky	det
14	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 look	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 look	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present	the Sun and the Moon	the same size		the sky			vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme size=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The air makes them look the same

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 makes	obj
5	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 makes	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 same	det
7	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 look	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the air	them = they					tree rules
2	look	infinitive	them = they not said here	the same					vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme same=Attribute

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The Sun is much bigger but also much further away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 bigger	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 bigger	cop
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 bigger	advmod
5	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 away	cc
7	also	also	ADV	_	8 much	advmod
8	much	much	ADV	_	9 further	advmod
9	further	far	ADV	Degree=Cmp	10 away	advmod
10	away	away	ADV	_	5 bigger	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the Sun					big property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The Moon is bigger than the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Moon	det
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 bigger	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bigger	cop
4	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 Sun	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Sun	det
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 bigger	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the Moon					than the Sun; big property	tree rules

Option 4

They really are exactly the same size, just in different places

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 size	nsubj
2	really	really	ADV	_	7 size	advmod
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 size	cop
4	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	7 size	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 size	det
6	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 size	amod
7	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 places	punct
9	just	just	ADV	_	12 places	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 places	case
11	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 places	amod
12	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 size	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	the same size and different places				exactly property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/39-day-and-night-and-the-moons-faces/t10/