Test 9 · ★★★ · The King, the courts and the rules above the rules
A cartoon shows the US Supreme Court as nine kings ruling America. What should be fixed?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: cartoon, nine kings · What happens: show, rule, fix · To what, where: US Supreme Court, America
This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 7 «The King, the courts and the rules above the rules» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A cartoon shows the US Supreme Court as nine kings ruling America.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 cartoon | det |
| 2 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | nsubj |
| 3 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Court | det |
| 5 | US | US | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Court | compound |
| 6 | Supreme | Supreme | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 Court | amod |
| 7 | Court | Court | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | iobj |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 kings | case |
| 9 | nine | nine | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 kings | nummod |
| 10 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 shows | obl |
| 11 | ruling | rule | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 kings | acl |
| 12 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 ruling | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shows | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | a cartoon | the US Supreme Court | as nine kings | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent court=Recipient | |||
| 2 | rule | gerund | nine kings not said here | America | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent america=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What should be fixed?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 fixed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 fixed | aux |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 4 fixed | aux:pass |
| 4 | fixed | fix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 fixed | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fix | should · passive | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient |
The options
Option 1
They are kings chosen by the British crown
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 kings | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 kings | cop |
| 3 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | chosen | choose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 kings | acl |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 crown | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 crown | det |
| 7 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 crown | amod |
| 8 | crown | crown | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 chosen | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | They | kings | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | choose | participle | kings not said here | by the British crown | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
They are the president's family members
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 members | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 members | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 president | det |
| 4 | president | president | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 members | nmod:poss |
| 5 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 4 president | case |
| 6 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 members | compound |
| 7 | members | member | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | They | the president's family members | tree rules |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
They are judges who decide whether laws fit the Constitution, not rulers
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 judges | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 judges | cop |
| 3 | judges | judge | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 decide | nsubj |
| 5 | decide | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 judges | acl:relcl |
| 6 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 8 fit | mark |
| 7 | laws | law | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fit | nsubj |
| 8 | fit | fit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 decide | ccomp |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Constitution | det |
| 10 | Constitution | constitution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 fit | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 rulers | punct |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 rulers | advmod |
| 13 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 judges | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | They | judges and rulers | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | decide | present | judges and rulers | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | fit | present | laws | the Constitution | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent constitution=Patient |
Option 4
They are senators who make every single law and run the country between them
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 senators | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 senators | cop |
| 3 | senators | senator | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 make | nsubj |
| 5 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 senators | acl:relcl |
| 6 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 law | det |
| 7 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 law | amod |
| 8 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 make | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 run | cc |
| 10 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 make | conj |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 country | det |
| 12 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 run | obj |
| 13 | between | between | ADP | _ | 14 them | case |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 run | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | They | senators | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | present | senators | every single law | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Product | ||||
| 3 | run | infinitive | senators not said here | the country | between senators = senator | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent country=Theme between they=Trajectory |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/7-the-king-the-courts-and-the-rules-above-the-rules/t9/