Exam question 2 · Taxes and local councils: bins, roads and schools

Identify the principal source, other than grants from national government, from which local councils in England defray the cost of refuse collection, street lighting and libraries.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, local councils · What happens: identify, defray, cost · To what, where: principal source, cost, refuse collection

This is exam question 2 of lesson 8 «Taxes and local councils: bins, roads and schools» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 source	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 source	amod
4	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 other	punct
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 source	amod
7	than	than	ADP	_	8 grants	case
8	grants	grant	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 other	obl
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 government	case
10	national	national	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 government	amod
11	government	government	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 grants	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 defray	punct
13	from	from	ADP	_	14 which	case
14	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 defray	obl
15	local	local	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 councils	amod
16	councils	council	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 defray	nsubj
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 England	case
18	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 councils	nmod
19	defray	defray	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	parataxis
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 cost	det
21	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 defray	obj
22	of	of	ADP	_	24 collection	case
23	refuse	refuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 collection	compound
24	collection	collection	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 cost	nmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 lighting	punct
26	street	street	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 lighting	compound
27	lighting	lighting	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 cost	appos
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 libraries	cc
29	libraries	library	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 lighting	conj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal source	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent source=Theme
2	defray	present	local councils in England	the cost of refuse collection	tree rules
3	cost			refuse collection	nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Council tax payable in respect of each dwelling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Council	Council	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 payable	compound
2	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 payable	compound
3	payable	payable	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 respect	case
5	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 payable	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 dwelling	case
7	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	8 dwelling	det
8	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 respect	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	respect			each dwelling					nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

Fines imposed upon persons who fail to vote

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fines	fine	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	imposed	impose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Fines	acl
3	upon	upon	ADP	_	4 persons	case
4	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 imposed	obl
5	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 fail	nsubj
6	fail	fail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 persons	acl:relcl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 vote	mark
8	vote	vote	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 fail	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	impose	participle		Fines not said here	upon persons	vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	fail	present	persons			vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	not vote	to-infinitive	persons not said here			vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Sales of tickets to council meetings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sales	sale	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 tickets	case
3	tickets	ticket	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Sales	nmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 meetings	case
5	council	council	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 meetings	compound
6	meetings	meeting	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Sales	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Voluntary donations from members of the royal family

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Voluntary	voluntary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 donations	amod
2	donations	donation	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 members	case
4	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 donations	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 family	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 family	det
7	royal	royal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 family	amod
8	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 members	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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