Exam question 2 · Fights, racism and being a bystander

Identify the principal reason for which disputes arising from a collision during sport may be avoided.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, principal reason · What happens: identify, dispute, arise, avoid · To what, where: collision, principal reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 20 «Fights, racism and being a bystander» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 avoided	nsubj:pass
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 disputes	nsubj
7	disputes	dispute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
8	arising	arise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 disputes	xcomp
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 collision	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 collision	det
11	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 arising	obl
12	during	during	ADP	_	13 sport	case
13	sport	sport	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 arising	obl
14	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 avoided	aux
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 avoided	aux:pass
16	avoided	avoid	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Identify	parataxis
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here				vn empathize-88.2 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	dispute	present	the principal reason				tree rules
3	arise	gerund	the principal reason not said here		a collision	during sport	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	avoid	may · passive		the principal reason			vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: subject=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ascertaining whether the collision was accidental before reacting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertaining	ascertain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	6 accidental	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 collision	det
4	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 accidental	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 accidental	cop
6	accidental	accidental	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Ascertaining	ccomp
7	before	before	SCONJ	_	8 reacting	mark
8	reacting	react	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 accidental	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	ascertain	gerund			vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	the collision	accidental property	tree rules
3	react	gerund	the collision not said here		vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Reacting with maximal anger before any facts are known

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reacting	react	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	with	with	ADP	_	4 anger	case
3	maximal	maximal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 anger	amod
4	anger	anger	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Reacting	obl
5	before	before	SCONJ	_	9 known	mark
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 facts	det
7	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 known	nsubj:pass
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 known	aux:pass
9	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Reacting	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	react	gerund						with maximal anger	vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with anger=Eventuality
2	know	present · passive		any facts					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus

Option 3

Presuming in all cases that any collision was intentional and responding in kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Presuming	presume	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 cases	case
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 cases	det
4	cases	case	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Presuming	obl
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 intentional	mark
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 collision	det
7	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 intentional	nsubj
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 intentional	cop
9	intentional	intentional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cases	acl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 responding	cc
11	responding	respond	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Presuming	conj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 kind	case
13	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 responding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	presume	gerund			all cases		vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	any collision	all cases not said here		intentional property	tree rules
3	respond speech: other	gerund			kind		vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Declining to participate in any team sport whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Declining	decline	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	to	to	PART	_	3 participate	mark
3	participate	participate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Declining	xcomp
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 sport	case
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 sport	det
6	team	team	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sport	compound
7	sport	sport	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 participate	obl
8	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	1 Declining	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decline	gerund						whatsoever property	vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not participate	to-infinitive						in any team sport	vn cooperate-73.1-2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in sport=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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