Exam question 1 · When it was my fault: owning up and making it right

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the function of guilt following an error?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: function · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: function, error

This is exam question 1 of lesson 5 «When it was my fault: owning up and making it right» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 function	det
10	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 guilt	case
12	guilt	guilt	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 function	nmod
13	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 function	acl
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 error	det
15	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 following	obj
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the function of guilt	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	follow	gerund	the function of guilt not said here	a error		vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent error=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is without any useful function whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 function	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 function	cop
3	without	without	ADP	_	6 function	case
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 function	det
5	useful	useful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 function	amod
6	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	6 function	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					without any useful function; whatsoever property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It serves to encourage greater care on future occasions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 serves	nsubj
2	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 encourage	mark
4	encourage	encourage	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 serves	xcomp
5	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 care	amod
6	care	care	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 encourage	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 occasions	case
8	future	future	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 occasions	amod
9	occasions	occasion	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 encourage	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	serve	present	It						tree rules
2	encourage	to-infinitive		greater care				on future occasions	vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent care=Recipient on occasion=Topic

Option 3

It serves as a penalty to be endured for the remainder of one's life

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 serves	nsubj
2	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	as	as	ADP	_	5 penalty	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 penalty	det
5	penalty	penalty	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 serves	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	8 endured	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 endured	aux:pass
8	endured	endure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 serves	advcl
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 remainder	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 remainder	det
11	remainder	remainder	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 endured	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 life	case
13	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 life	nmod:poss
14	's	's	PART	_	13 one	case
15	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 remainder	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	serve	present	It					as a penalty	vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as penalty=Attribute
2	endure	to-infinitive · passive						for the remainder of one's life	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»

Option 4

It indicates that the person concerned is incapable of reform

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 indicates	nsubj
2	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 incapable	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 person	det
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 incapable	nsubj
6	concerned	concerned	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 person	amod
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 incapable	cop
8	incapable	incapable	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 indicates	ccomp
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 reform	case
10	reform	reform	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 incapable	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	It						vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot
2	is a	present	the person	incapable				of reform	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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