Exam question 1 · Virtues: courage, responsibility, rights and duties

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the virtue of courage?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: virtue

This is exam question 1 of lesson 35 «Virtues: courage, responsibility, rights and duties» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 virtue	det
10	virtue	virtue	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 courage	case
12	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 virtue	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the virtue of courage				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The undertaking of hazardous acts for admiration

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 undertaking	det
2	undertaking	undertaking	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 acts	case
4	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 acts	amod
5	acts	act	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 undertaking	nmod
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 admiration	case
7	admiration	admiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 acts	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undertake			hazardous acts for admiration					nom undertaking «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The complete absence of fear in all circumstances

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 absence	det
2	complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 absence	amod
3	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 fear	case
5	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 absence	nmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 circumstances	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 circumstances	det
8	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 absence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absent			fear		all circumstances			nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient in=place

Option 3

The readiness to resort to force against others

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 readiness	det
2	readiness	readiness	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 resort	mark
4	resort	resort	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 readiness	acl
5	to	to	PART	_	6 force	mark
6	force	force	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 resort	xcomp
7	against	against	ADP	_	8 others	case
8	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 force	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	resort	to-infinitive							tree rules
2	force	to-infinitive						against others	vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The performance of right action notwithstanding the presence of fear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 performance	det
2	performance	performance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 action	case
4	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 action	amod
5	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 performance	nmod
6	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 performance	acl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 presence	det
8	presence	presence	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 notwithstanding	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 fear	case
10	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 presence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	notwithstand	gerund	the performance of right action not said here	the presence of fear					tree rules
2	perform			right action					nom performance «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/35-courage-responsibility-rights-and-duties/e1/