Test 7 · ★ · Three ways of thinking: rules, consequences, character

A judge asks: "You said lying is always wrong. What if lying saved someone from danger?" What is the best reply?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: judge, You, best reply · What happens: ask, say, lie, be, save · To what, where: someone, danger · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 37 «Three ways of thinking: rules, consequences, character» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A judge asks: "You said lying is always wrong.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 judge	det
2	judge	judge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 asks	nsubj
3	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	3 asks	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 said	punct
6	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 said	nsubj
7	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 asks	parataxis
8	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 wrong	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 wrong	cop
10	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	11 wrong	advmod
11	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 said	ccomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 asks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	present	a judge		vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	say speech: assert in a quote	past	You		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	lie in a quote	gerund			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is in a quote	present		always, wrong property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What if lying saved someone from danger?"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	if	if	SCONJ	_	4 saved	mark
3	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 saved	aux:pass
4	saved	save	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 What	acl:relcl
5	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 saved	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 danger	case
7	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 saved	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	save	gerund · passive		someone		danger			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: someone=Theme from danger=Source

Sentence 3: What is the best reply?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reply	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 reply	amod
5	reply	reply	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the best reply						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Say the judge is trying to trick you and refuse to answer the question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 judge	det
3	judge	judge	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 trying	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 trying	aux
5	trying	try	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Say	ccomp
6	to	to	PART	_	7 trick	mark
7	trick	trick	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 trying	xcomp
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 trick	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 refuse	cc
10	refuse	refuse	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 trick	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 answer	mark
12	answer	answer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 refuse	xcomp
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 question	det
14	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 answer	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	imperative	you not said here		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	try	present · progressive	the judge		vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	trick not said to happen	to-infinitive	the judge not said here	you	vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient
4	refuse	infinitive	the judge not said here		vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
5	not answer speech: assert	to-infinitive	the judge not said here	the question	vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality

Option 2

Say yes, lying is always wrong and you do not need to think about it at all

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 wrong	discourse
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 yes	punct
4	lying	lying	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 wrong	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 wrong	cop
6	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	7 wrong	advmod
7	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Say	ccomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 need	cc
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 need	nsubj
10	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 need	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 need	advmod
12	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 wrong	conj
13	to	to	PART	_	14 think	mark
14	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 need	xcomp
15	about	about	ADP	_	16 it	case
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 think	obl
17	at	at	ADP	_	18 all	case
18	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	14 think	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	imperative	you not said here			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	lying		always, wrong property	tree rules
3	not need	present · do-support	you			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
4	think speech: other not said to happen	to-infinitive	you not said here	all	about lying	vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about it=Topic

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Admit rules and results clash here, and weigh the duty against the danger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Admit	admit	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 clash	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 results	cc
4	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 rules	conj
5	clash	clash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Admit	ccomp
6	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 clash	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 weigh	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 weigh	cc
9	weigh	weigh	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Admit	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 duty	det
11	duty	duty	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 weigh	obj
12	against	against	ADP	_	14 danger	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 danger	det
14	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 weigh	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	admit speech: other	imperative	you not said here				vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	clash	present	rules and results		here		vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	weigh	infinitive	you not said here	the duty		against the danger	vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme duty=Value

Option 4

Say that in that case lying is always right, so there are no rules at all

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	1 Say	obj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 case	case
4	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 case	det
5	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Say	obl
6	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 case	acl
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 right	cop
8	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	9 right	advmod
9	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 lying	xcomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 are	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	13 are	advmod
12	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	13 are	expl
13	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Say	parataxis
14	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	15 rules	det
15	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 are	nsubj
16	at	at	ADP	_	17 all	case
17	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	13 are	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	imperative	you not said here	that	that case		vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent that=Theme in case=Manner
2	lie	gerund	that case not said here				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	that case not said here			always, right property	tree rules
4	does	present	no rules		all; there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/37-rules-consequences-character/t7/