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Test 10 · ★★ · How to argue: reasons and evidence

"Should I tell a teacher a secret?" A friend says "It depends." What is the best follow-up?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: I, friend, It, best follow up · What happens: tell, say, depend, be · To what, where: secret, teacher · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 39 «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: "Should I tell a teacher a secret?"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct
2	Should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 tell	nsubj
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 teacher	det
6	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tell	obj
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 secret	det
8	secret	secret	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tell	obj
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert in a quote	should	I	a secret	a teacher				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient secret=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: A friend says "It depends."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 depends	punct
5	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 depends	nsubj
6	depends	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 depends	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 depends	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a friend						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	depend in a quote	present	It						vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent

Sentence 3: What is the best follow-up?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 up	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 up	amod
5	follow	follow	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 up	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 up	punct
7	up	up	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the best follow up						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It depends means you can do whatever you like

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 depends	nsubj
2	depends	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 means	parataxis
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 do	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 do	aux
6	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 means	ccomp
7	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 do	obj
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 like	nsubj
9	like	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 whatever	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	depend	present	It						vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	mean	present							vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	do	can	you	whatever					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whatever=Eventuality
4	like	present	you						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

On what? Whether someone could get hurt is a key thing

Sentence 1: On what?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	2 what	case
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
3	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 what	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 2: Whether someone could get hurt is a key thing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whether	whether	SCONJ	_	9 thing	mark
2	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	9 thing	nsubj
3	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 hurt	aux
4	get	get	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 hurt	aux:pass
5	hurt	hurt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 someone	acl:relcl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 thing	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 thing	det
8	key	key	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 thing	amod
9	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hurt	could · passive							vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»
2	is a	present	someone	a key thing					tree rules

Option 3

It depends means the answer is always yes, so tell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 depends	nsubj
2	depends	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 means	parataxis
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 answer	det
5	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 means	obj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 tell	cop
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	11 tell	advmod
8	yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	11 tell	discourse
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 yes	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	11 tell	advmod
11	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 answer	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	depend	present	It						vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	mean	present		the answer					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Topic
3	is	present	the answer not said here					always, tell property	tree rules

Option 4

Fine, then we never need to think about it again

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 need	punct
3	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	6 need	advmod
4	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 need	nsubj
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 need	advmod
6	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Fine	parataxis
7	to	to	PART	_	8 think	mark
8	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 need	xcomp
9	about	about	ADP	_	10 it	case
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 think	obl
11	again	again	ADV	_	8 think	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not need	present	we				then		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	think speech: other not said to happen	to-infinitive	we not said here				again	about it	vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about it=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/t10/