Exam question 1 · Sharing and fairness

Which of the following most accurately characterises the procedure whereby one party divides an item and the other selects a portion?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: one party, other · What happens: follow, characteris, divide, select · To what, where: procedure, item, portion

This is exam question 1 of lesson 43 «Sharing and fairness» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 characterises	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 characterises	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 characterises	csubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 procedure	det
9	procedure	procedure	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obj
10	whereby	whereby	ADV	PronType=Int	13 divides	advmod
11	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 party	nummod
12	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 divides	nsubj
13	divides	divide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 characterises	advcl
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 item	det
15	item	item	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 divides	obj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 selects	cc
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 other	det
18	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 selects	nsubj
19	selects	select	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 divides	conj
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 portion	det
21	portion	portion	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 selects	obj
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the procedure	accurately property	tree rules
3	divide	present	one party	a item	whereby property	vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent item=Theme
4	select	present	the other	a portion		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portion=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A method of division permissible solely between persons of identical age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 method	det
2	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 persons	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 division	case
4	division	division	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 method	nmod
5	permissible	permissible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 persons	amod
6	solely	solely	ADV	_	8 persons	advmod
7	between	between	ADP	_	8 persons	case
8	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 age	case
10	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 age	amod
11	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 persons	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

A method of division which confers the larger portion upon the divider invariably

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 method	det
2	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 division	case
4	division	division	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 method	nmod
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 confers	nsubj
6	confers	confer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 method	acl:relcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 portion	det
8	larger	large	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 portion	amod
9	portion	portion	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 confers	obj
10	upon	upon	ADP	_	12 divider	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 divider	det
12	divider	divider	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 confers	obl
13	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	6 confers	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confer	present	a method of division	the larger portion				upon the divider; invariably property	tree rules

Option 3

A method of division wherein the selector is compelled to accept the nearer portion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 method	det
2	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 compelled	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 division	case
4	division	division	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 method	nmod
5	wherein	wherein	ADV	PronType=Int	9 compelled	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 selector	det
7	selector	selector	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 compelled	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 compelled	aux:pass
9	compelled	compel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	to	to	PART	_	11 accept	mark
11	accept	accept	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 compelled	xcomp
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 portion	det
13	nearer	near	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 portion	amod
14	portion	portion	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 accept	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compel	present · passive		a method of division				wherein property	vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result
2	accept	to-infinitive		the nearer portion					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portion=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A method of division which secures fairness, the divider being induced to make the portions equal

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 method	det
2	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 induced	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 division	case
4	division	division	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 method	nmod
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 secures	nsubj
6	secures	secure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 method	acl:relcl
7	fairness	fairness	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 secures	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 divider	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 divider	det
10	divider	divider	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 induced	nsubj:pass
11	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 induced	aux:pass
12	induced	induce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
13	to	to	PART	_	14 make	mark
14	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 induced	advcl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 portions	det
16	portions	portion	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 make	obj
17	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 make	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	secure	present	a method of division	fairness		vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fairness=Theme
2	induce	gerund · passive		a method of division		vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	make	to-infinitive		the portions	equal property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset portion=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/43-sharing-and-fairness/e1/