Test 2 · Why honesty matters: trust holds everything together

"Swear down, bruv, no cap, I seen a fox in the classroom," says Kieran. What does adding "no cap" tell you?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Kieran · What happens: swear down, see, say, add, tell · To what, where: bruv, fox, classroom, cap, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 of lesson 81 «Why honesty matters: trust holds everything together» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: "Swear down, bruv, no cap, I seen a fox in the classroom," says Kieran.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Swear	punct
2	Swear	swear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 says	ccomp
3	down	down	ADP	_	2 Swear	compound:prt
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 bruv	punct
5	bruv	bruv	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Swear	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 cap	punct
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 cap	det
8	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bruv	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 seen	punct
10	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 seen	nsubj
11	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 Swear	conj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 fox	det
13	fox	fox	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 seen	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 classroom	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 classroom	det
16	classroom	classroom	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 seen	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Swear	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Swear	punct
19	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
20	Kieran	Kieran	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 says	nsubj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	19 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	swear down in a quote	infinitive		bruv and no cap		vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent bruv=Eventuality
2	see in a quote	participle	Kieran	a fox	the classroom	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fox=Stimulus
3	say speech: assert	present	Kieran			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does adding "no cap" tell you?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 adding	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 adding	aux
3	adding	add	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 cap	punct
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 cap	det
6	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 adding	obj
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 cap	punct
8	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 adding	parataxis
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 tell	iobj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 adding	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	present · do-support		no cap					vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cap=Patient
2	tell speech: assert	infinitive			you				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient

The options

Option 1

It means he is joking, because "no cap" means "this is a joke"

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 joking	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 joking	aux
5	joking	joke	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 means	ccomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 means	punct
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	12 means	mark
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 cap	punct
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 cap	det
10	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 means	nsubj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 cap	punct
12	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 means	parataxis
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 joke	punct
14	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	17 joke	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 joke	cop
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 joke	det
17	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 means	obj
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 joke	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	mean	present	It		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	joke speech: other	present · progressive	he		vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	mean	present	no cap		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
4	is a in a quote	present	this	a joke	tree rules

Option 2

It means he is angry, because "cap" is a rude word in London

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 angry	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 angry	cop
5	angry	angry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 means	ccomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 word	punct
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	14 word	mark
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 cap	punct
9	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 word	nsubj
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 cap	punct
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 word	cop
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 word	det
13	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 word	amod
14	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 means	conj
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 London	case
16	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 word	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	mean	present	It				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	he			angry property	tree rules
3	is a	present	cap	a rude word	London		tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It proves it is true, because nobody ever says "no cap" about a lie, not even as a joke in London

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 proves	nsubj
2	proves	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 true	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 true	cop
5	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 proves	ccomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 says	punct
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 says	mark
8	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	10 says	nsubj
9	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	10 says	advmod
10	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 proves	parataxis
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 cap	punct
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 cap	det
13	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 says	obj
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 cap	punct
15	about	about	ADP	_	17 lie	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 lie	det
17	lie	lie	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 says	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 joke	punct
19	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	23 joke	advmod
20	even	even	ADV	_	23 joke	advmod
21	as	as	ADP	_	23 joke	case
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 joke	det
23	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 lie	conj
24	in	in	ADP	_	25 London	case
25	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 joke	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present	It				vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	it			true property	tree rules
3	say speech: assert	present	nobody	no cap	ever	about a lie and a joke in London	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cap=Topic

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Nothing extra; a plain word should be enough, and over-swearing can sound less believable

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Nothing	amod
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 enough	punct
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 word	det
5	plain	plain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 word	amod
6	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 enough	nsubj
7	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 enough	aux
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 enough	cop
9	enough	enough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Nothing	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 sound	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 sound	cc
12	over-swearing	over-swear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 sound	nsubj
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 sound	aux
14	sound	sound	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 enough	advcl
15	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	16 believable	advmod
16	believable	believable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 sound	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	should	a plain word	enough property	tree rules
2	over-swear	gerund			tree rules
3	sound	can		believable property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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