Test 5 · ★ · Galaxies and the Big Bang

Hubble pointed at an "empty" dark patch and found thousands of galaxies. What does this show?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Hubble, this · What happens: point, find, show · To what, where: empty dark patch, thousands

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 24 «Galaxies and the Big Bang» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Hubble pointed at an "empty" dark patch and found thousands of galaxies.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hubble	Hubble	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 pointed	nsubj
2	pointed	point	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	9 patch	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 patch	det
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 empty	punct
6	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 patch	amod
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 empty	punct
8	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 patch	amod
9	patch	patch	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pointed	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 found	cc
11	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 pointed	conj
12	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 found	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 galaxies	case
14	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 thousands	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 pointed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	point	past	Hubble			a empty dark patch			vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	find	past	Hubble not said here	thousands of galaxies					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does this show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 show	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 show	aux
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 show	nsubj
4	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	this						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

That dark patch is the very edge of space, where it all stops

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 patch	det
2	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 patch	amod
3	patch	patch	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 edge	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 edge	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 edge	det
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 edge	advmod
7	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 space	case
9	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 edge	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 stops	punct
11	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	14 stops	advmod
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 stops	nsubj
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 it	det
14	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 edge	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	that dark patch	the edge				of space	tree rules
2	stop	present	patch						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 2

Dark parts of the sky are empty, and the camera made a mistake

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 parts	amod
2	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 empty	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 sky	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sky	det
5	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 parts	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 empty	cop
7	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 made	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 made	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 camera	det
11	camera	camera	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 made	nsubj
12	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 empty	parataxis
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 mistake	det
14	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 made	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Dark parts of the sky					empty property	tree rules
2	make	past	the camera	a mistake					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mistake=Product

Option 3

Galaxies only exist in that one small patch and nowhere else

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 exist	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 exist	advmod
3	exist	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	8 patch	case
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 patch	nsubj
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 patch	nummod
7	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 patch	amod
8	patch	patch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exist	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 nowhere	cc
10	nowhere	nowhere	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 patch	advmod
11	else	else	ADV	_	10 nowhere	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	Galaxies			one small patch			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in patch=Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The universe is crowded with galaxies everywhere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 universe	det
2	universe	universe	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 crowded	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 crowded	cop
4	crowded	crowded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 galaxies	case
6	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 crowded	obl
7	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 crowded	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the universe					with galaxies; crowded, everywhere property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/t5/