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Test 2 · ★★★ · How we know: measuring the sky

Hold a pencil close to your face, then far, and wink each eye. When does it jump less?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, eye · What happens: hold, wink, jump · To what, where: pencil, eye

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 28 «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Hold a pencil close to your face, then far, and wink each eye.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 pencil	det
3	pencil	pencil	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Hold	obj
4	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Hold	xcomp
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 face	case
6	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 face	nmod:poss
7	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 close	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 far	punct
9	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	10 far	advmod
10	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	1 Hold	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 wink	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 wink	cc
13	wink	wink	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Hold	conj
14	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	15 eye	det
15	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 wink	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Hold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	imperative	you not said here	a pencil				close, far property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Theme
2	wink	infinitive	you not said here	each eye					vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: When does it jump less?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	4 jump	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 jump	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 jump	nsubj
4	jump	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 jump	advmod
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 jump	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	present · do-support	eye						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It never jumps at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 jumps	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 jumps	advmod
3	jumps	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 all	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 jumps	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not jump	present	It			all			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Trajectory

Option 2

It jumps the same both times

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 jumps	nsubj
2	jumps	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 same	det
4	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 jumps	obj
5	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	6 times	det
6	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 jumps	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	present	It	the same			time		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location same=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

When it is far away, just like distant stars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	SCONJ	_	5 away	mark
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 away	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 away	cop
4	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 away	advmod
5	away	away	ADV	_	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 stars	punct
7	just	just	ADV	_	10 stars	advmod
8	like	like	ADP	_	10 stars	case
9	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 stars	amod
10	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 away	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	it					like distant stars; away, far property	tree rules

Option 4

When it is close

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	SCONJ	_	4 close	mark
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 close	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 close	cop
4	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	it					close property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/t2/