Test 4 · ★★★ · How we know: measuring the sky
An ambulance's siren drops in pitch as it drives away. Which sky clue works like that?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: siren, sky clue · What happens: drop, drive away, work · To what, where: pitch
This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 28 «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: An ambulance's siren drops in pitch as it drives away.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 ambulance | det |
| 2 | ambulance | ambulance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 siren | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 ambulance | case |
| 4 | siren | siren | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 drops | nsubj |
| 5 | drops | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 pitch | case |
| 7 | pitch | pitch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 drops | obl |
| 8 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 drives | mark |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 drives | nsubj |
| 10 | drives | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 drops | advcl |
| 11 | away | away | ADV | _ | 10 drives | advmod |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 drops | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drop | present | a ambulance's siren | pitch | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in pitch=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | drive away | present | siren | away property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Which sky clue works like that?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 2 sky | det |
| 2 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 clue | compound |
| 3 | clue | clue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 works | nsubj |
| 4 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | like | like | ADP | _ | 6 that | case |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 works | obl |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 works | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | work | present | sky clue | like that | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
The options
Option 1
Parallax of a nearby star
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Parallax | parallax | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 star | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 star | det |
| 4 | nearby | nearby | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 star | amod |
| 5 | star | star | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Parallax | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
The phases of Venus
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 phases | det |
| 2 | phases | phase | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Venus | case |
| 4 | Venus | Venus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 phases | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Redshift of a galaxy moving away
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Redshift | redshift | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 galaxy | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 galaxy | det |
| 4 | galaxy | galaxy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Redshift | nmod |
| 5 | moving | move | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 galaxy | acl |
| 6 | away | away | ADV | _ | 5 moving | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | move away | gerund | a galaxy not said here | away property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Dark lines of helium
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 lines | amod |
| 2 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 helium | case |
| 4 | helium | helium | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lines | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/t4/