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Test 8 · ★★★ · How we know: measuring the sky

Uranus kept drifting off its predicted path. What did Le Verrier reason?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Uranus · What happens: keep, drift off, predict, do · To what, where: predicted path, Le reason

This is test 8 · ★★★ of lesson 28 «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Uranus kept drifting off its predicted path.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Uranus	Uranus	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 kept	nsubj
2	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	drifting	drift	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 kept	xcomp
4	off	off	ADP	_	3 drifting	compound:prt
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 path	nmod:poss
6	predicted	predict	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 path	amod
7	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drifting	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 kept	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	past	Uranus						tree rules
2	drift off	gerund	Uranus not said here	its predicted path					tree rules
3	predict	participle							vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What did Le Verrier reason?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 did	nsubj
2	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Le	Le	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 reason	compound
4	Verrier	Verrier	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Le	flat
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 did	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past		Le reason					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Eventuality

The options

Option 1

The telescopes must all be broken and showing it wrong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 telescopes	det
2	telescopes	telescope	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 broken	nsubj:pass
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 broken	aux
4	all	all	ADV	_	6 broken	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 broken	aux:pass
6	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 showing	cc
8	showing	show	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 broken	conj
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 showing	obj
10	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 broken	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	must · passive		the telescopes				all, wrong property	vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	show	gerund		it					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

An unseen planet's gravity must be pulling it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 planet	det
2	unseen	unseen	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 planet	amod
3	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 gravity	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 planet	case
5	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pulling	nsubj
6	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 pulling	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 pulling	aux
8	pulling	pull	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 pulling	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	must · progressive	a unseen planet's gravity	planet					vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 3

Uranus must be running out of fuel and slowing down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Uranus	Uranus	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 running	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 running	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 running	aux
4	running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	out	out	ADP	_	7 fuel	case
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 fuel	case
7	fuel	fuel	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 running	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 slowing	cc
9	slowing	slow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 running	conj
10	down	down	ADP	_	9 slowing	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	must · progressive	Uranus			fuel			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out fuel=Trajectory
2	slow down	gerund	Uranus not said here						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Uranus must be changing its mass as it loses its rings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Uranus	Uranus	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 changing	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 changing	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 changing	aux
4	changing	change	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 mass	nmod:poss
6	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 changing	obj
7	as	as	SCONJ	_	9 loses	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 loses	nsubj
9	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 changing	advcl
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 rings	nmod:poss
11	rings	ring	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 loses	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	must · progressive	Uranus	its mass					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mass=Patient
2	lose	present	mass	mass's rings					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/t8/