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Test 5 · ★★★ · Olympiad: planet puzzles ★★★

★★★ A cartoon shows a comet zooming away from the Sun with its tail streaming behind it. What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: ★, comet, tail · What happens: show, zoom away, stream, be · To what, where: comet, Sun, tail

This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 31 «Olympiad: planet puzzles ★★★» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ A cartoon shows a comet zooming away from the Sun with its tail streaming behind it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 shows	nsubj
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	★	★	ADP	_	5 cartoon	case
4	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 cartoon	det
5	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 ★	nmod
6	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 comet	det
8	comet	comet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shows	obj
9	zooming	zoom	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 comet	acl
10	away	away	ADV	_	9 zooming	advmod
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 Sun	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Sun	det
13	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 zooming	obl
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 tail	case
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 tail	nmod:poss
16	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 zooming	obl
17	streaming	stream	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 tail	acl
18	behind	behind	ADP	_	19 it	case
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 streaming	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	★ ★ a cartoon	a comet					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent comet=Recipient
2	zoom away	gerund	a comet not said here			the Sun		with Sun's tail; away property	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from sun=Trajectory
3	stream	gerund	Sun's tail not said here			tail			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind it=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

The tail should point down towards the Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tail	det
2	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 point	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 point	aux
4	point	point	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	down	down	ADP	_	4 point	compound:prt
6	towards	towards	ADP	_	8 Earth	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Earth	det
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 point	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	point down	should	the tail					towards the Earth	vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent towards earth=Recipient

Option 2

Nothing: a tail always trails behind its comet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 trails	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 tail	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 tail	det
4	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Nothing	conj
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 trails	advmod
6	trails	trail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	behind	behind	ADP	_	9 comet	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 comet	nmod:poss
9	comet	comet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 trails	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trail	present	Nothing			tail's comet		always property	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent behind comet=Trajectory

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The tails should point away from the Sun, in front

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tails	det
2	tails	tail	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 point	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 point	aux
4	point	point	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	away	away	ADV	_	4 point	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 Sun	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Sun	det
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 point	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 front	punct
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 front	case
11	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 point	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	point away	should	the tails			the Sun		in front; away property	vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in front=Theme

Option 4

Comets heading outwards have no tail at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Comets	comet	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	nsubj
2	heading	head	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Comets	acl
3	outwards	outwards	ADV	_	2 heading	advmod
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 tail	det
6	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 have	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 have	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	head	gerund	Comets not said here					outwards property	vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	have	present	Comets	no tail		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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