Test 9 · ★ · Why planes fly

Which is true about a glider?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: be

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	6 glider	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 glider	det
6	glider	glider	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 true	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about a glider; true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It flies only because of the wind behind it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 flies	nsubj
2	flies	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	7 wind	advmod
4	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	7 wind	case
5	of	of	ADP	_	4 because	fixed
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 wind	det
7	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 flies	obj
8	behind	behind	ADP	_	9 it	case
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 wind	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	present	It	the wind		wind			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent wind=Theme behind it=Location

Option 2

It is pushed by a small jet engine in the nose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 pushed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 pushed	aux:pass
3	pushed	push	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	8 engine	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 engine	det
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 engine	amod
7	jet	jet	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 engine	compound
8	engine	engine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushed	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 nose	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 nose	det
11	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present · passive	a small jet engine	It		the nose			vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in nose=Trajectory

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It has no engine and can fly for hours on rising warm air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 engine	det
4	engine	engine	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 fly	cc
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 fly	aux
7	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 has	conj
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 hours	case
9	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fly	obl
10	on	on	ADP	_	13 air	case
11	rising	rise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 air	amod
12	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 air	amod
13	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fly	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	have	present	It	no engine			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Patient
2	fly	can			rising warm air	hour	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on air=Location
3	rise	gerund					vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It must land within a minute of being let go by the tow plane

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 land	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 land	aux
3	land	land	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	within	within	ADP	_	6 minute	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 minute	det
6	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 land	obl
7	of	of	SCONJ	_	9 let	mark
8	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 let	aux:pass
9	let	let	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 minute	acl
10	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 let	xcomp
11	by	by	ADP	_	14 plane	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 plane	det
13	tow	tow	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 plane	compound
14	plane	plane	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 land	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	land	must	It		minute	by the tow plane	vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	let	gerund · passive		a minute not said here			tree rules
3	go	infinitive	a minute not said here				vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/22-why-planes-fly/t9/