Exam question 1 · The colours, and two kinds of blue

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression of the colour blue in Ukrainian?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: expression, Ukrainian

This is exam question 1 of lesson 10 «The colours, and two kinds of blue» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 expression	det
10	expression	expression	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 colour	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 colour	det
13	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 expression	nmod
14	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 colour	amod
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 Ukrainian	case
16	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the expression of the colour		Ukrainian		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Two distinct basic terms are employed: SYniy for the dark and blakYtnyi for the light shade

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 terms	nummod
2	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 terms	amod
3	basic	basic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 terms	amod
4	terms	term	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 employed	nsubj:pass
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 employed	aux:pass
6	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 SYniy	punct
8	SYniy	SYniy	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 employed	obl
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 dark	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 dark	det
11	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 employed	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 blakYtnyi	cc
13	blakYtnyi	blakYtnyi	X	Foreign=Yes	11 dark	conj
14	for	for	ADP	_	17 shade	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 shade	det
16	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 shade	compound
17	shade	shade	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 employed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	present · passive		Two distinct basic terms				for the dark; for the light shade; SYniy obl	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for dark=Eventuality

Option 2

A single term embraces all shades, as in English

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 embraces	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 embraces	amod
3	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 embraces	compound
4	embraces	embrace	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 shades	det
6	shades	shade	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 embraces	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 English	punct
8	as	as	ADP	_	10 English	case
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 English	case
10	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 embraces	appos

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

blakYtnyi denotes dark blue, whereas SYniy denotes light blue

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	blakYtnyi	blakYtnyi	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 blue	amod
4	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 denotes	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 denotes	punct
6	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	8 denotes	mark
7	SYniy	SYniy	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 denotes	nsubj
8	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 denotes	conj
9	light	light	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 blue	amod
10	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 denotes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	blakYtnyi	dark blue					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot blue=Topic
2	denote	present	SYniy	light blue					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot blue=Topic

Option 4

Blue is expressed solely by a word borrowed from English

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Blue	Blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 expressed	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 expressed	aux:pass
3	expressed	express	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 expressed	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 word	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 word	det
7	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 expressed	obl
8	borrowed	borrow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 word	acl
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 English	case
10	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 borrowed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	express	present · passive	a word	Blue				solely property	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	borrow	participle		a word not said here		English			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from english=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ukrainian-street/10-the-colours-and-two-kinds-of-blue/e1/