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Test 2 · ★★★ · Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet

Beacon fires on hilltops could warn a whole country of an invasion in hours. Why could they not send a long story?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Beacon fires, fires · What happens: warn, not send · To what, where: whole country, long story

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 100 «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Beacon fires on hilltops could warn a whole country of an invasion in hours.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Beacon	beacon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fires	compound
2	fires	fire	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 warn	nsubj
3	on	on	ADP	_	4 hilltops	case
4	hilltops	hilltop	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 fires	nmod
5	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 warn	aux
6	warn	warn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 country	det
8	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 country	amod
9	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 warn	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 invasion	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 invasion	det
12	invasion	invasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 country	nmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 hours	case
14	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 warn	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 warn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	warn speech: warn	could	Beacon fires on hilltops	a whole country of a invasion			hour		vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent country=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why could they not send a long story?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 send	advmod
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 send	aux
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 send	nsubj
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 send	advmod
5	send	send	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 story	det
7	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 story	amod
8	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 send	obj
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 send	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not send	could	fires = fire	a long story					vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Theme

The options

Option 1

Fire travels more slowly than a horse

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 travels	nsubj
2	travels	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 slowly	advmod
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	2 travels	advmod
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 horse	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 horse	det
7	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 travels	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	travel	present	Fire					than a horse; slowly property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Beacons could only be lit in the daytime

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Beacons	beacon	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lit	nsubj:pass
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 lit	aux
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 lit	advmod
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 lit	aux:pass
5	lit	lit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 daytime	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 daytime	det
8	daytime	daytime	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lit	could · passive		Beacons		the daytime			tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A fire can only show a simple signal agreed in advance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 fire	det
2	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 show	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 show	aux
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 show	advmod
5	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 signal	det
7	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 signal	amod
8	signal	signal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 show	obj
9	agreed	agree	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 signal	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 advance	case
11	advance	advance	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 agreed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	can	a fire	a simple signal					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent signal=Recipient
2	agree speech: agree	participle		a simple signal not said here		advance			vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Nobody could see fire from another hill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 see	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 see	aux
3	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 see	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 hill	case
6	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	7 hill	det
7	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 see	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	could	Nobody	fire		another hill			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fire=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/t2/