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Test 5 · ★★★ · Why time flies and why it drags

Grandad, an old-school boomer (an older person): "Back in my day a summer lasted forever, now a year's gone in a blink." What's a good scientific answer?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: summer · What happens: last, be · To what, where: day, good scientific answer

This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 110 «Why time flies and why it drags» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Grandad, an old-school boomer (an older person): "Back in my day a summer lasted forever, now a year's gone in a blink."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Back	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 boomer	punct
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 boomer	det
4	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 school	amod
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 old	punct
6	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 boomer	compound
7	boomer	boomer	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Grandad	appos
8	(	(	PUNCT	_	11 person	punct
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 person	det
10	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 person	amod
11	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 boomer	appos
12	)	)	PUNCT	_	11 person	punct
13	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 Back	punct
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 Back	punct
15	Back	back	ADV	_	root	root
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 day	case
17	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 day	nmod:poss
18	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 Back	obl
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 summer	det
20	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 lasted	nsubj
21	lasted	last	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	18 day	acl:relcl
22	forever	forever	ADV	_	21 lasted	advmod
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 gone	punct
24	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	28 gone	advmod
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 year	det
26	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 gone	obl:unmarked
27	's	's	PART	_	26 year	case
28	gone	gone	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 lasted	conj
29	in	in	ADP	_	31 blink	case
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 blink	det
31	blink	blink	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 gone	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 Back	punct
33	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 Back	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	last in a quote	participle	a summer	my day not said here				forever property	vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme day=Value

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's a good scientific answer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 answer	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 answer	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 answer	det
4	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 answer	amod
5	scientific	scientific	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 answer	amod
6	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 answer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		a good scientific answer					tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Clocks today tick faster than old ones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Clocks	clock	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 tick	nsubj
2	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tick	obl:unmarked
3	tick	tick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 tick	advmod
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 ones	case
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 ones	amod
7	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 faster	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tick	present	Clocks				today	fast property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The Earth now goes round the Sun faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Earth	det
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 goes	nsubj
3	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 goes	advmod
4	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	round	round	ADP	_	7 Sun	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Sun	det
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 goes	obl
8	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 goes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	present	the Earth			the Sun	now	fast property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme round sun=Initial_Location

Option 3

Summers were really longer when he was young

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Summers	summer	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 young	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 young	cop
3	really	really	ADV	_	4 longer	advmod
4	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 young	advmod
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 young	advmod
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 young	nsubj
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 young	cop
8	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Summers					long, young property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

One idea is that each year is a smaller part of his life, and fewer things are new

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 idea	nummod
2	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 part	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 part	cop
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 part	mark
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 year	det
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 part	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 part	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 part	det
9	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 part	amod
10	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 life	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 life	nmod:poss
13	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 part	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 new	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 new	cc
16	fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 things	amod
17	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 new	nsubj
18	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 new	cop
19	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 part	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	One idea	a smaller part				of his life	tree rules
2	is	present	fewer things					new property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/110-why-time-flies-and-why-it-drags/t5/