Exam question 1 · How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope…

Identify the principal reason for which the month designated September bears a name signifying "seven".

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, month, name · What happens: identify, designate, signify · To what, where: principal reason, September bears, seven

This is exam question 1 of lesson 116 «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 designated	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 month	det
8	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 designated	nsubj
9	designated	designate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
10	September	September	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 bears	compound
11	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 designated	obj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 name	det
13	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 designated	obj
14	signifying	signify	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 name	acl
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 seven	punct
16	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 signifying	obj
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 seven	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	designate	past	the month	September bears	for the principal reason	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent bear=Theme name=Attribute
3	signify	gerund	a name not said here	seven		vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot seven=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

September was originally the seventh month in the calendar of the French

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	September	September	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 month	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 month	cop
3	originally	originally	ADV	_	6 month	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 month	det
5	seventh	seventh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 month	amod
6	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 calendar	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 calendar	det
9	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 month	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 French	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 French	det
12	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 calendar	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	September	the seventh month		the calendar of the French		originally property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The Roman year originally commenced in March, rendering September the seventh month

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 year	det
2	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 year	amod
3	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 commenced	obl:unmarked
4	originally	originally	ADV	_	5 commenced	advmod
5	commenced	commence	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 March	case
7	March	March	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 commenced	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 rendering	punct
9	rendering	render	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 commenced	advcl
10	September	September	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 rendering	obj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 month	det
12	seventh	seventh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 month	amod
13	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rendering	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	commence	participle					march; year	originally property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	render	gerund					month; september		vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The month was dedicated to seven deities of the Roman state

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 month	det
2	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dedicated	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 dedicated	cop
4	dedicated	dedicated	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 deities	case
6	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 deities	nummod
7	deities	deity	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dedicated	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 state	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 state	det
10	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 state	amod
11	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 deities	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the month					to seven deities of the Roman state; dedicated property	tree rules

Option 4

The name was assigned in error by Pope Gregory the Thirteenth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 name	det
2	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 assigned	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 assigned	aux:pass
4	assigned	assign	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 error	case
6	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 assigned	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 Gregory	case
8	Pope	Pope	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Gregory	compound
9	Gregory	Gregory	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 assigned	obl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Thirteenth	det
11	Thirteenth	thirteenth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 assigned	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assign	past · passive	Pope Gregory	the name		error		the Thirteenth obl:unmarked	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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