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Test 12 · ★ · How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope…

Ben's teacher calls the old Roman calendar "a right dog's dinner" (a big mess). Why didn't it fit the seasons?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: teacher, dinner · What happens: call, not fit · To what, where: old Roman calendar · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 116 «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ben's teacher calls the old Roman calendar "a right dog's dinner" (a big mess).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 teacher	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Ben	case
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 calls	nsubj
4	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 calendar	det
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 calendar	amod
7	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 calendar	amod
8	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 calls	obj
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 dinner	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 dog	det
11	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 dog	amod
12	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 dinner	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 dog	case
14	dinner	dinner	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 calendar	conj
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 dinner	punct
16	(	(	PUNCT	_	19 mess	punct
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 mess	det
18	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 mess	amod
19	mess	mess	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 dinner	appos
20	)	)	PUNCT	_	19 mess	punct
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 calls	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	present	Ben's teacher	the old Roman calendar and a right dog's dinner					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent calendar=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why didn't it fit the seasons?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 fit	advmod
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 fit	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 fit	advmod
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 fit	nsubj
5	fit	fit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 seasons	det
7	seasons	season	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fit	obj
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 fit	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not fit	past · do-support	dinner				season		vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

The Romans had no words for summer and winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Romans	det
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 had	nsubj
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 words	det
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 summer	case
7	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 words	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 winter	cc
9	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 summer	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the Romans	no words				for summer and winter	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Priests added days when they felt like it, sometimes for politics

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Priests	priest	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 added	nsubj
2	added	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 added	obj
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 felt	advmod
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 felt	nsubj
6	felt	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 added	advcl
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 it	case
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 felt	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 politics	punct
10	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	12 politics	advmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 politics	case
12	politics	politics	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 added	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	past	Priests				day	for politics	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	feel	past	Priests = priest					like it	vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like it=Theme

Option 3

It had a leap day every 4 years with no exceptions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 day	det
4	leap	leap	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 day	compound
5	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 years	det
7	4	4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 years	nummod
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	obl:unmarked
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 exceptions	case
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 exceptions	det
11	exceptions	exception	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	It				day; year	with no exceptions	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

It followed the Sun far too closely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 followed	nsubj
2	followed	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Sun	det
4	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 followed	obj
5	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 followed	advmod
6	too	too	ADV	_	7 closely	advmod
7	closely	closely	ADV	_	2 followed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	past	It	the Sun				closely, far property	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/t12/