Exam question 4 · Day and night, shadows and sundials

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the duration of daylight at the equator?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: duration, equator

This is exam question 4 of lesson 118 «Day and night, shadows and sundials» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 duration	det
10	duration	duration	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 daylight	case
12	daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 duration	nmod
13	at	at	ADP	_	15 equator	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 equator	det
15	equator	equator	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the duration of daylight		the equator		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Daylight varies by some five hours between summer and winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 varies	nsubj
2	varies	vary	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	6 hours	case
4	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	6 hours	det
5	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 hours	nummod
6	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 varies	obl
7	between	between	ADP	_	8 summer	case
8	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hours	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 winter	cc
10	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 summer	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	vary	present	Daylight				hour		vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Day and night are each approximately twelve hours throughout the year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Day	Day	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 hours	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 night	cc
3	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Day	conj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 hours	cop
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	8 hours	det
6	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	7 twelve	advmod
7	twelve	twelve	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 hours	nummod
8	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
9	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	11 year	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 year	det
11	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hours	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Day and night	each twelve hours			year		tree rules

Option 3

Daylight persists for several weeks during the summer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 persists	nsubj
2	persists	persist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	for	for	ADP	_	5 weeks	case
4	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 weeks	amod
5	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 persists	obl
6	during	during	ADP	_	8 summer	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 summer	det
8	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 persists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	persist	present	Daylight				summer; week		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Daylight is absent for several weeks during the winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 absent	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 absent	cop
3	absent	absent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 weeks	case
5	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 weeks	amod
6	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 absent	obl
7	during	during	ADP	_	9 winter	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 winter	det
9	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 absent	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Daylight				week; winter	absent property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/118-day-night-shadows-sundials/e4/