Test 5 · Day and night, shadows and sundials

Jade, in London: "Why's it pitch black at half four in December when it's light at 9 in June?"

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Jade · What happens: be · To what, where: light, 9

This is test 5 of lesson 118 «Day and night, shadows and sundials» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jade	jade	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 London	punct
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 London	case
4	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Jade	appos
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 pitch	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 pitch	punct
7	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	10 pitch	advmod
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 pitch	cop
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 pitch	nsubj
10	pitch	pitch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Jade	parataxis
11	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 pitch	xcomp
12	at	at	ADP	_	14 four	case
13	half	half	DET	NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind	14 four	det:predet
14	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 black	obl
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 December	case
16	December	December	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 four	nmod
17	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	20 light	advmod
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 light	nsubj
19	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 light	cop
20	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pitch	obl
21	at	at	ADP	_	22 9	case
22	9	9	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	20 light	nmod
23	in	in	ADP	_	24 June	case
24	June	June	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 pitch	obl
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 pitch	punct
26	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 pitch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	Jade				june	black, pitch property	tree rules
2	is a in a quote	present	Jade	light		9			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The clocks go back 5 hours every winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 clocks	det
2	clocks	clock	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 go	nsubj
3	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	back	back	ADV	_	3 go	advmod
5	5	5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 hours	nummod
6	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 go	obl:unmarked
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 winter	det
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 go	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go back	present	the clocks				hour; winter		vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient

Option 2

The Sun takes a winter break in December

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 takes	nsubj
3	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 break	det
5	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 break	compound
6	break	break	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 takes	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 December	case
8	December	December	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 takes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	the Sun	a winter break			december		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent break=Theme

Option 3

The Sun is further away in winter, so it's dimmer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 away	cop
4	further	further	ADV	_	5 away	advmod
5	away	away	ADV	_	2 Sun	conj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 winter	case
7	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 away	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 dimmer	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	12 dimmer	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 dimmer	nsubj
11	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 dimmer	cop
12	dimmer	dimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Sun	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present					winter	away, further property	tree rules
2	is a	present	it	dimmer					tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The Earth's tilt makes northern winter days short and summer days long

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Earth	det
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 tilt	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 Earth	case
4	tilt	tilt	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 makes	nsubj
5	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 days	amod
7	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 days	compound
8	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 makes	obj
9	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 makes	xcomp
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 long	cc
11	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 days	compound
12	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 long	obl:unmarked
13	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 short	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the Earth's tilt				day	short property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	tilt		the Earth						nom tilt «event intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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