Test 3 · Climate zones
A torch shining straight down makes a small bright spot; shining at a slant, a big dim patch. What does this show about the Earth?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: torch, this · What happens: shine, make, show · To what, where: small bright spot, slant
This is test 3 of lesson 16 «Climate zones» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A torch shining straight down makes a small bright spot; shining at a slant, a big dim patch.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 torch | det |
| 2 | torch | torch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 makes | nsubj |
| 3 | shining | shine | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 torch | acl |
| 4 | straight | straight | ADV | _ | 5 down | advmod |
| 5 | down | down | ADV | _ | 3 shining | advmod |
| 6 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 spot | det |
| 8 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 spot | amod |
| 9 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 spot | amod |
| 10 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 makes | obj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 shining | punct |
| 12 | shining | shine | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 makes | conj |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 slant | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 slant | det |
| 15 | slant | slant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shining | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 patch | punct |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 patch | det |
| 18 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 patch | amod |
| 19 | dim | dim | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 patch | amod |
| 20 | patch | patch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 slant | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 makes | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shine | gerund | a torch not said here | down property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | present | a torch | a small bright spot | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset spot=Product | ||||
| 3 | shine | gerund | a torch not said here | a slant and a big dim patch | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at slant=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What does this show about the Earth?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 show | obj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 show | aux |
| 3 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 show | nsubj |
| 4 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | about | about | ADP | _ | 7 Earth | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Earth | det |
| 7 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 show | obl |
| 8 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 show | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present · do-support | this | about the Earth | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent what=Recipient about earth=Topic |
The options
Option 1 · ✓ the right answer
Slanting sunlight spreads its heat thin, as near the poles
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Slanting | slant | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 spreads | csubj |
| 2 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Slanting | obj |
| 3 | spreads | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 heat | nmod:poss |
| 5 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spreads | obj |
| 6 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 spreads | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 poles | punct |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 11 poles | case |
| 9 | near | near | ADP | _ | 11 poles | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 poles | det |
| 11 | poles | pole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 spreads | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | slant | gerund | sunlight | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sunlight=Theme | |||||
| 2 | spread | present | Slanting | sunlight's heat | as the poles; thin property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location heat=Theme | |||
| 3 | heat | sunlight | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent |
Option 2
Light gets brighter when it slants
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 gets | nsubj |
| 2 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | brighter | bright | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 gets | xcomp |
| 4 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 slants | advmod |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 slants | nsubj |
| 6 | slants | slant | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 gets | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | present | Light | bright property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | slant | present | Light | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
The poles are farther away from the Sun than the equator is
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 poles | det |
| 2 | poles | pole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 away | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 away | cop |
| 4 | farther | far | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 5 away | advmod |
| 5 | away | away | ADV | _ | root | root |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 Sun | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Sun | det |
| 8 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 away | obl |
| 9 | than | than | ADP | _ | 11 equator | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 equator | det |
| 11 | equator | equator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 away | obl |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 away | cop |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the poles | the Sun | than the equator; away, far property | tree rules |
Option 4
A torch is hotter than the Sun
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 torch | det |
| 2 | torch | torch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hotter | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 hotter | cop |
| 4 | hotter | hot | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 5 | than | than | ADP | _ | 7 Sun | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Sun | det |
| 7 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 hotter | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a torch | than the Sun; hot property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/16-climate-zones/t3/