Exam question 2 · Some, all, none and "not all"

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the assertion "not all teachers are strict"?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: teachers · What happens: follow, characteris, not be · To what, where: assertion · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 2 of lesson 185 «Some, all, none and "not all"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 assertion	det
10	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 strict	punct
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 strict	advmod
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	14 teachers	det
14	teachers	teacher	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 strict	nsubj
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 strict	cop
16	strict	strict	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 assertion	parataxis
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 strict	punct
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the assertion	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	not is in a quote	present	all teachers		strict property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

At least one teacher is not strict

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	2 least	case
2	least	least	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 one	nmod
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 teacher	nummod
4	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 strict	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 strict	cop
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 strict	advmod
7	strict	strict	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	one teacher					strict property	tree rules

Option 2

No teacher is strict

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 strict	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 strict	cop
4	strict	strict	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	no teacher					strict property	tree rules

Option 3

Every teacher is strict

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 strict	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 strict	cop
4	strict	strict	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	every teacher					strict property	tree rules

Option 4

Precisely half of all teachers are strict

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Precisely	precisely	ADV	_	2 half	advmod
2	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	7 strict	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 teachers	case
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 teachers	det
5	teachers	teacher	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 half	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 strict	cop
7	strict	strict	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	half of all teachers					strict property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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