Test 6 · Some, all, none and "not all"

What would happen to "all birds can fly" if you found just one bird that can't?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: birds, you · What happens: happen, fly, find

This is test 6 of lesson 185 «Some, all, none and "not all"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	9 fly	mark
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 fly	punct
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 birds	det
7	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 fly	nsubj
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 fly	aux
9	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 happen	advcl
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 found	punct
11	if	if	SCONJ	_	13 found	mark
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 found	nsubj
13	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 fly	conj
14	just	just	ADV	_	15 one	advmod
15	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 bird	nummod
16	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 ca	nsubj
17	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 ca	nsubj
18	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 found	ccomp
19	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	18 ca	advmod
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	happen	would		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	fly in a quote	can	all birds	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	find a condition, not said to happen	past	you	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Nothing; one bird doesn't count

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 count	punct
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 bird	nummod
4	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 count	nsubj
5	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 count	aux
6	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 count	advmod
7	count	count	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Nothing	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not count	present · do-support	one bird						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It would turn into "some birds are fish"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 turn	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 turn	aux
3	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	9 fish	case
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 fish	punct
6	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	7 birds	det
7	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 fish	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 fish	cop
9	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 turn	obl
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 turn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	would	It						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	is in a quote	present	some birds					into fish	tree rules

Option 3

It would still be true for all birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 true	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 true	aux
3	still	still	ADV	_	5 true	advmod
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 true	cop
5	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 birds	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 birds	det
8	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 true	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	It				still	for all birds; true property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It would be shown to be false

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 shown	nsubj:pass
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 shown	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 shown	aux:pass
4	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	7 false	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 false	cop
7	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 shown	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	would · passive		It					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
2	is	to-infinitive						false property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/185-some-all-none-and-not-all/t6/