Exam question 1 · "How do you know?"

Identify the principal deficiency of the response "I just know" when offered in support of an assertion.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, I · What happens: identify, know, offer, support · To what, where: principal deficiency, support, assertion

This is exam question 1 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 deficiency	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 deficiency	amod
4	deficiency	deficiency	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 response	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 response	det
7	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 deficiency	nmod
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 know	punct
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 know	nsubj
10	just	just	ADV	_	11 know	advmod
11	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 response	conj
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 know	punct
13	when	when	SCONJ	_	14 offered	mark
14	offered	offer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 know	ccomp
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 support	case
16	support	support	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 offered	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 assertion	case
18	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 assertion	det
19	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 support	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal deficiency of the response		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent deficiency=Theme
2	know in a quote	present	I			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	offer	participle			support of a assertion	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
4	support			a assertion		nom support «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It proves the assertion to be false

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 proves	nsubj
2	proves	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 assertion	det
4	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 proves	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	7 false	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 false	cop
7	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 proves	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present	It	the assertion					vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assertion=Theme
2	is	to-infinitive						false property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It provides no reason or source for the assertion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 provides	nsubj
2	provides	provide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 reason	det
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 provides	obj
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 source	cc
6	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	conj
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 assertion	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 assertion	det
9	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	provide	present	It	no reason or source				for the assertion	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition reason=Theme for assertion=Beneficiary

Option 3

It is an instance of the fence-post error

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 instance	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 instance	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 instance	det
4	instance	instance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	10 error	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 error	det
7	fence	fence	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 post	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 fence	punct
9	post	post	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 error	compound
10	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 instance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a instance				of the post error	tree rules

Option 4

It provides an excessive quantity of evidence for the assertion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 provides	nsubj
2	provides	provide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 quantity	det
4	excessive	excessive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 quantity	amod
5	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 provides	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 evidence	case
7	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 quantity	nmod
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 assertion	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 assertion	det
10	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 evidence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	provide	present	It	a excessive quantity of evidence for the assertion					vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition quantity=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/186-how-do-you-know/e1/