Exam question 2 · "How do you know?"

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the visibility of the Great Wall of China from space to the unaided eye.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, visibility, space

This is exam question 2 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 visibility	det
13	visibility	visibility	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 Wall	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Wall	det
16	Great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 Wall	amod
17	Wall	Wall	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 visibility	nmod
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 China	case
19	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 Wall	nmod
20	from	from	ADP	_	21 space	case
21	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obl
22	to	to	ADP	_	25 eye	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 eye	det
24	unaided	unaided	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 eye	amod
25	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obl
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response			with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the visibility of the Great Wall of China	space	to the unaided eye	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus visibility=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is very difficult or impossible to discern

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 difficult	expl
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 difficult	cop
3	very	very	ADV	_	4 difficult	advmod
4	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 impossible	cc
6	impossible	impossible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 difficult	conj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 discern	mark
8	discern	discern	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 impossible	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	other	roles by
1	is	present	difficult property	tree rules
2	be			tree rules
3	discern	to-infinitive		vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2

It is visible only at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 visible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 visible	cop
3	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 night	advmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 night	case
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 visible	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It				night	visible property	tree rules

Option 3

It is the sole structure visible from space

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 visible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 visible	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 structure	det
4	sole	sole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 structure	amod
5	structure	structure	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 visible	obl:unmarked
6	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 space	case
8	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 visible	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			space		the sole structure obl:unmarked; visible property	tree rules

Option 4

It is clearly visible from the surface of the Moon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 visible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 visible	cop
3	clearly	clearly	ADV	_	4 visible	advmod
4	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 surface	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 surface	det
7	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 visible	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 Moon	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Moon	det
10	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 surface	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			the surface of the Moon		clearly, visible property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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