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Exam question 3 · "How do you know?"

It is given that, during the Second World War, it was reported in Britain that carrots improved pilots' vision at night. Ascertain the principal purpose of this report.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: that, you, report · What happens: give, report, improve, ascertain, purpose · To what, where: It, War, Britain, vision, principal purpose

This is exam question 3 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that, during the Second World War, it was reported in Britain that carrots improved pilots' vision at night.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 given	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 War	punct
6	during	during	ADP	_	10 War	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 War	det
8	Second	Second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	10 War	amod
9	World	World	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 War	compound
10	War	War	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 given	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 reported	punct
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 reported	nsubj:pass
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 reported	aux:pass
14	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	parataxis
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 Britain	case
16	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 reported	obl
17	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 improved	nsubj
18	carrots	carrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 improved	nsubj
19	improved	improve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 reported	ccomp
20	pilots	pilot	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 vision	nmod:poss
21	'	's	PART	_	20 pilots	case
22	vision	vision	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 improved	obj
23	at	at	ADP	_	24 night	case
24	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 improved	obl
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It			during the Second World War		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient that=Theme
2	report	past · passive		War		Britain			vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute
3	improve	past	that	pilots's vision			night		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent vision=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the principal purpose of this report.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 purpose	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 purpose	amod
4	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 report	case
6	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 report	det
7	report	report	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 purpose	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the principal purpose of this report					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent purpose=Topic
2	purpose		this report						nom purpose «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

To increase the sale of carrots to the public during rationing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 increase	mark
2	increase	increase	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 sale	det
4	sale	sale	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 increase	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 carrots	case
6	carrots	carrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sale	nmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 public	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 public	det
9	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 increase	obl
10	during	during	ADP	_	11 rationing	mark
11	rationing	ration	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 increase	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	to-infinitive		the sale of carrots				to the public result	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: agent=Patient sale=Extent to public=Result
2	ration	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Option 2

To discourage the consumption of carrots

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 discourage	mark
2	discourage	discourage	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 consumption	det
4	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 discourage	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 carrots	case
6	carrots	carrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consumption	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	discourage	to-infinitive		the consumption of carrots					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus consumption=Experiencer
2	consume			carrots					nom consumption «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

To conceal the use of the newly developed radar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 conceal	mark
2	conceal	conceal	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 use	det
4	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conceal	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	9 radar	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 radar	det
7	newly	newly	ADV	_	8 developed	advmod
8	developed	develop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 radar	amod
9	radar	radar	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 use	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conceal	to-infinitive		the use of the developed radar					vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent use=Patient
2	develop	participle						newly property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	use			the developed radar					nom use «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

To report the results of a medical trial

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 report	mark
2	report	report	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 results	det
4	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 report	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 trial	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 trial	det
7	medical	medical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 trial	amod
8	trial	trial	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 results	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	report	to-infinitive		the results of a medical trial					vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent result=Patient
2	result			a medical trial					nom result «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/186-how-do-you-know/e3/