Exam question 1 · One counterexample is enough

Identify the minimum number of counterexamples required to demonstrate that a claim concerning all members of a group is false.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, claim · What happens: identify, require, demonstrate, concern, be · To what, where: minimum number, counterexamples, members

This is exam question 1 of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 number	det
3	minimum	minimum	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 number	amod
4	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 counterexamples	case
6	counterexamples	counterexample	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 number	nmod
7	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 counterexamples	acl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 demonstrate	mark
9	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 required	xcomp
10	that	that	SCONJ	_	20 false	mark
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 claim	det
12	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 false	nsubj
13	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 claim	acl
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	15 members	det
15	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 concerning	obj
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 group	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 group	det
18	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 members	nmod
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 false	cop
20	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 demonstrate	advcl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the minimum number of counterexamples		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent number=Theme
2	require	participle		counterexamples not said here		vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition
3	demonstrate	to-infinitive				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	concern	gerund	a claim not said here	all members of a group		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus member=Experiencer
5	is	present	a claim		false property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

One

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Two

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

All members of the group

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 members	det
2	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 group	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 group	det
5	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 members	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Ten

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/e1/