Exam question 3 · One counterexample is enough

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the dismissal of a counterexample on the ground that it is "weird"?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: dismissal · What happens: follow, characteris, be, dismiss · To what, where: dismissal, counterexample · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 3 of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dismissal	det
10	dismissal	dismissal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 counterexample	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 counterexample	det
13	counterexample	counterexample	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dismissal	nmod
14	on	on	ADP	_	16 ground	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 ground	det
16	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 counterexample	nmod
17	that	that	SCONJ	_	21 weird	mark
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 weird	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 weird	cop
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 weird	punct
21	weird	weird	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 characterises	ccomp
22	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 weird	punct
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the dismissal of a counterexample on the ground	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	is in a quote	present	dismissal		weird property	tree rules
4	dismiss			a counterexample on the ground		nom dismissal «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It leaves the counterexample in force and the claim refuted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 leaves	nsubj
2	leaves	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 counterexample	det
4	counterexample	counterexample	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leaves	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 force	case
6	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leaves	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 claim	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 claim	det
9	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 force	conj
10	refuted	refute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 leaves	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	present	It	the counterexample		force and the claim			tree rules
2	refute	participle	the counterexample not said here						tree rules

Option 2

It proves the original claim conclusively

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 proves	nsubj
2	proves	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 claim	det
4	original	original	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 claim	amod
5	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 proves	obj
6	conclusively	conclusively	ADV	_	2 proves	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present	It	the original claim				conclusively property	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Theme

Option 3

It constitutes a second counterexample

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 counterexample	det
4	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	5 counterexample	amod
5	counterexample	counterexample	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a second counterexample					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme counterexample=Pivot

Option 4

It restores the original claim to truth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 restores	nsubj
2	restores	restore	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 claim	det
4	original	original	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 claim	amod
5	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 restores	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 truth	case
7	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 claim	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	restore	present	It	the original claim	truth				vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent claim=Theme to truth=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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