Exam question 4 · One counterexample is enough

Ascertain which of the following animals constitutes a mammal that lays eggs.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, mammal · What happens: ascertain, follow, constitute, lay · To what, where: mammal, eggs

This is exam question 4 of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 constitutes	obj
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 animals	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 animals	det
5	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 animals	amod
6	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 constitutes	obl
7	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Ascertain	conj
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 mammal	det
9	mammal	mammal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 constitutes	obj
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 lays	nsubj
11	lays	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 mammal	acl:relcl
12	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 lays	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here			vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	constitute	present	you not said here	a mammal	of the following animals	tree rules
4	lay	present	a mammal	eggs		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The dolphin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 dolphin	det
2	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The platypus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 platypus	det
2	platypus	platypus	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

The bat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bat	det
2	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

The kangaroo

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 kangaroo	det
2	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/e4/