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Test 5 · ★ · One counterexample is enough

Kai's dad: "The platypus? That thing's a cheat code. Fine, you win." Is "mammals don't lay eggs" still true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: thing, you, mammals · What happens: be, win, not lay · To what, where: cheat code, eggs

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Kai's dad: "The platypus?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kai	Kai	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 dad	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Kai	case
3	dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 platypus	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 platypus	punct
6	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 platypus	det
7	platypus	platypus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dad	appos
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 dad	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 2: That thing's a cheat code.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 thing	det
2	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 code	nsubj
3	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 code	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 code	det
5	cheat	cheat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 code	compound
6	code	code	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 code	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	that thing	a cheat code					tree rules

Sentence 3: Fine, you win."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 win	punct
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 win	nsubj
4	win	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Fine	parataxis
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Fine	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	1 Fine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	win	present	you						vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Sentence 4: Is "mammals don't lay eggs" still true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 "	cop
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 lay	punct
3	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lay	nsubj
4	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 lay	aux
5	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 lay	advmod
6	lay	lay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 true	csubj
7	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lay	obj
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 lay	punct
9	still	still	ADV	_	10 true	advmod
10	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not lay in a quote	present · do-support	mammals	eggs					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result

The options

Option 1

Yes; platypuses aren't mammals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 mammals	discourse
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	platypuses	platypus	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 mammals	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 mammals	cop
5	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 mammals	advmod
6	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is a	present	platypuses	mammals					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

No; all mammals lay eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 lay	discourse
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 mammals	det
4	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lay	nsubj
5	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lay	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay	present	all mammals	eggs					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

No; the platypus breaks it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 breaks	discourse
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 platypus	det
4	platypus	platypus	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 breaks	nsubj
5	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 breaks	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	present	the platypus	it					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Patient

Option 4

Yes; one animal doesn't count

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 count	discourse
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 animal	nummod
4	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 count	nsubj
5	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 count	aux
6	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 count	advmod
7	count	count	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not count	present · do-support	one animal						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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