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Test 6 · ★★★ · Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★

Grandpa from Pittsburgh: "Yinz know some cats are black and some black things are bats, so some cats are bats." What's the best reply?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Yinz, cats, black things, best reply · What happens: know, be · To what, where: bats · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 193 «Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Grandpa from Pittsburgh: "Yinz know some cats are black and some black things are bats, so some cats are bats."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	from	from	ADP	_	3 Pittsburgh	case
3	Pittsburgh	Pittsburgh	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Grandpa	nmod
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 know	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 know	punct
6	Yinz	Yinz	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 know	nsubj
7	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Grandpa	appos
8	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	9 cats	det
9	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 black	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 black	cop
11	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 know	ccomp
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 bats	cc
13	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	15 things	det
14	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 things	amod
15	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 bats	nsubj
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 bats	cop
17	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 black	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 bats	punct
19	so	so	ADV	_	23 bats	advmod
20	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	21 cats	det
21	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 bats	nsubj
22	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 bats	cop
23	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Grandpa	conj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Grandpa	punct
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	1 Grandpa	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know in a quote	present	Yinz						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	is in a quote	present	some cats					black property	tree rules
3	is a in a quote	present	some black things	bats					tree rules
4	is a in a quote	present	some cats	bats					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the best reply?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reply	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 reply	amod
5	reply	reply	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the best reply						tree rules

The options

Option 1

He's right; it follows straight from the two facts given

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 follows	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 follows	nsubj
6	follows	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	parataxis
7	straight	straight	ADV	_	11 facts	advmod
8	from	from	ADP	_	11 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 facts	det
10	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 facts	nummod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 follows	obj
12	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 facts	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	follow	present	it	the two facts					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme
3	give	participle		the two facts not said here					vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Only black cats can be bats

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 cats	advmod
2	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cats	amod
3	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bats	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 bats	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 bats	cop
6	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	can	black cats	bats					tree rules

Option 3

Bats can be cats at night only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cats	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 cats	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 cats	cop
4	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 night	case
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cats	nmod
7	only	only	ADV	_	4 cats	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	can	Bats	cats			night		tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

That doesn't follow; they can be different animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 follow	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 follow	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 follow	advmod
4	follow	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 animals	punct
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 animals	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 animals	aux
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 animals	cop
9	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 animals	amod
10	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 follow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not follow	present · do-support	That						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a	can	they	different animals					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/t6/