Test 3 · ★★★ · Clever reasoning about water and matter

If ice were denser than water, what might happen to pond life in a long hard winter?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ice · What happens: be, happen

This is test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 20 «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	4 denser	mark
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 denser	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 denser	cop
4	denser	dense	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 water	case
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 denser	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 happen	punct
8	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	10 happen	nsubj
9	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 happen	aux
10	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 denser	parataxis
11	to	to	PART	_	13 life	mark
12	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 life	compound
13	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 happen	advcl
14	in	in	ADP	_	18 winter	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 winter	det
16	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 winter	amod
17	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 winter	amod
18	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 happen	obl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 denser	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	ice					than water; dense property	tree rules
2	happen	might					winter		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Nothing would change for them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 change	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 change	aux
3	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 them	case
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 change	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	would	Nothing					for them = they	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Ponds could freeze solid and many animals would die

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ponds	pond	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 freeze	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 freeze	aux
3	freeze	freeze	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 freeze	xcomp
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 die	cc
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 animals	amod
7	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 die	nsubj
8	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 die	aux
9	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 freeze	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	could	Ponds					solid property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	die	would	many animals						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Option 3

Fish could swim up and live on top of the ice instead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 swim	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 swim	aux
3	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 swim	compound:prt
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 live	cc
6	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 swim	conj
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 top	case
8	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 live	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 ice	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ice	det
11	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 top	nmod
12	instead	instead	ADV	_	3 swim	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim up	could	Fish					instead property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	live	present	Fish not said here			top of the ice			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on top=Location

Option 4

Ponds would never freeze over

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ponds	pond	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 freeze	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 freeze	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 freeze	advmod
4	freeze	freeze	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	over	over	ADV	_	4 freeze	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not freeze over	would	Ponds					over property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/t3/