Exam question 1 · People and society — communities, work, money and rules

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice designated as bartering?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, designate, barter · To what, where: practice

This is exam question 1 of lesson 58 «People and society — communities, work, money and rules» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 practice	det
10	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 practice	acl
12	as	as	SCONJ	_	13 bartering	mark
13	bartering	barter	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 designated	advcl
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the practice	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	designate	participle	the practice not said here		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	barter	gerund			vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The purchase of goods by means of a bank card in a shop

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 purchase	det
2	purchase	purchase	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 means	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 goods	case
4	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 purchase	nmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 means	case
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 card	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 card	det
9	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 card	compound
10	card	card	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 means	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 shop	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 shop	det
13	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 card	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	the purchase of goods					of a bank card in a shop	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	purchase			goods					nom purchase «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The borrowing of money from a bank

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 borrowing	det
2	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 money	case
4	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 borrowing	nmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 bank	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 bank	det
7	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 borrowing	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

The payment of taxes to the government

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 payment	det
2	payment	payment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 taxes	case
4	taxes	tax	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 payment	nmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 government	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 government	det
7	government	government	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 payment	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pay			taxes				to the government	nom payment «possession transitive»: of=patient to=obl

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The exchange of goods without recourse to money

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 exchange	det
2	exchange	exchange	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 goods	case
4	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 exchange	nmod
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 recourse	case
6	recourse	recourse	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exchange	nmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 money	case
8	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exchange	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exchange			goods				without recourse; to money	nom exchange «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient without=obl to=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/58-people-and-society/e1/