Exam question 4 · Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the output of energy of any machine.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, output

This is exam question 4 of lesson 60 «Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 output	det
13	output	output	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 energy	case
15	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 output	nmod
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 machine	case
17	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	18 machine	det
18	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 output	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the output of energy of any machine		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus output=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A well-built machine gives out more energy than it receives

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 machine	det
2	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 built	advmod
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 well	punct
4	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 machine	amod
5	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gives	nsubj
6	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	out	out	ADP	_	6 gives	compound:prt
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 energy	amod
9	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gives	obj
10	than	than	SCONJ	_	12 receives	mark
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 receives	nsubj
12	receives	receive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 gives	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	build	participle			well property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	give out	present	a built machine	more energy		vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent energy=Theme
3	receive	present	machine			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

No machine gives out more energy than is put into it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 machine	det
2	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gives	nsubj
3	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	out	out	ADP	_	3 gives	compound:prt
5	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 energy	amod
6	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gives	obj
7	than	than	SCONJ	_	9 put	mark
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 put	aux:pass
9	put	put	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 gives	advcl
10	into	into	ADP	_	11 it	case
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 put	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give out	present	no machine	more energy					vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent energy=Theme
2	put	present · passive	no machine not said here			machine			vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»

Option 3

A lever gives out twice the energy put into it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 lever	det
2	lever	lever	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gives	nsubj
3	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	out	out	ADP	_	3 gives	compound:prt
5	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 gives	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 energy	det
7	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gives	obj
8	put	put	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 energy	acl
9	into	into	ADP	_	10 it	case
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 put	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give out	present	a lever	the energy				twice property	vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent energy=Theme
2	put	participle		the energy not said here		lever			vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

A machine creates energy whenever it is in motion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 machine	det
2	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 creates	nsubj
3	creates	create	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 creates	obj
5	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	9 motion	advmod
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 motion	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 motion	cop
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 motion	case
9	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 creates	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	create	present	a machine	energy					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Result
2	is	present	machine			motion		whenever property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/60-reasoning-energy-technology/e4/